3168 



SILENE 



SILPHIUM 



33. odontopetala, Fenzl. Perennial, densely pubes- 

 cent: sts. 4-6 in. long, leafy, subsimple, glandular- 

 villous above: Ivs. lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 

 1-nerved, acute or somewhat obtuse: fls. cymose, 

 1-7-fld., white; calyx pubescent, rather viscid, whitish, 

 campanulate; petals 2-lobed: caps, ovate. Asia Minor 

 and Syria. 



34. Elizabeths, Jan. Perennial, 4-6 in. high: sts. 

 tufted, erect or ascending, viscid-pubescent: Ivs. nar- 

 rowly lanceolate, acute, the lower 2-3 in. long, gradually 

 becoming smaller upward: panicle terminal; fls. bright 

 rose to rose-purple, \Yi in. across; calyx tubular, at 

 first cylindrical, at length oval and bladdery, pale dull 

 green, veined and margined purple; petals 2-lobed, 

 white-clawed, blade cuneate-flabellate, margin crenate- 

 dentate. Italy. B.M. 5400. G. 8:412. 



35. ciliata, Pourr. Perennial, 3-6 in. high, pubescent, 

 cespitose from a woody rhizome: sts. slender, simple, or 

 slightly branched, nearly naked: Ivs. of the rosette and 

 lower st. linear-lanceolate or linear, the upper shortened 

 and gradually narrowed from a broadened base: fls. in 

 a few-fld. cincinnus, pedicelled, white or ivory-white; 

 calyx clavate, short-pubescent, green-, red-brown-, or 

 purplish striate; petals 2-lobed. Eu. 



36. repens, Patrin. Perennial, 8-10 in. high, with a 

 long repent root: sts. several, erect, simple or branched, 

 more or less scabrous-pubescent: Ivs. narrowly oblong 

 or lanceolate, acute: fls. white, racemose-paniculate on 

 opposite, axillary, 1-5-fld. peduncles; calyx cylindrical- 

 clavate, inflated, 10-striate, pubescent- villous ; petals 

 2-cut, the segms. oblong, obtuse, the claw glabrous. 

 Russia, E. Siberia, Caucasus, China and Japan, and in 

 N. Alaska. 



37. Reichenbachii, Vis. ; also spelled Reichenbachiana 

 in the trade. Perennial, miniature, shrub-like, tufted: 

 sts. somewhat woody at base, puberulent below, gla- 

 brous, somewhat viscid above: lower Ivs. oblanceolate- 

 spatulate, acute, ciliate on the ribs and margin; upper 

 lys. linear, acute: fls. white, racemose-paniculate, nod- 

 ding; peduncles usually 1-fld.; calyx linear-clavate, 10- 

 nerved, nerves red or green, margin of teeth lanuginous; 

 petals obovate, 2-parted: caps, oval-oblong. Dalmatia. 



38. rupestris, Linn. Perennial, 2-8 in. high, loosely 

 cespitose, glabrous: sts. numerous, erect from a 

 branched base, 1^-7 in. high: Ivs. lanceolate, acute, 

 the lower attenuate at base : fls. flesh-color, in repeatedly 

 dichotomous cymes, numerous, long-pedicelled; the 

 pedicels filiform; calyx obconical, base slightly umbili- 

 cate; petals obovate, deeply emarginate: caps, ovoid- 

 oblong. Eu. 



39. caucasica, Boiss. Perennial, 4-5 in. high, velu- 

 tinous: caudicles filiform, nude: sts. ascending from 

 below the rosette: Ivs. in a rosette, oblong-lanceolate, 

 elongated; cauline Ivs. abbreviated: fls. 1, often 2-3 to a 

 st., subsessile, white; calyx rather softly glandular- 

 hairy, 10-nerved, narrowly cylindrical; petals obovate. 

 Caucasus. Closely allied to S. vallesia, from which it 

 differs in being velvety instead of glandular, in having 

 shorter cauline Ivs. and almost sessile, instead of long- 

 peduncled fls. and not inflated calyx. 



40. vallesia, Linn. Perennial, cespitose, about 4 in. 

 high, viscid-pubescent: sts. assurgent, slightly branched: 

 lowest Ivs. spatulate, others lanceolate; cauline Ivs. 

 long: fls. long-peduncled, terminal, rarely in pairs; 

 calyx very long, glandular-pubescent, somewhat 

 inflated after anthesis; petals bifid, rose-violet above, 

 greenish beneath, claw ciliate. High Alps. 



41. Hcdkeri, Nutt. Perennial, tomentose-pubescent: 

 sts. many, decumbent, 6^10 in. high, slender: Ivs. 2-3 

 in. long, the lower elliptic-spatulate, narrowed to the 

 petiole; the remainder elliptic-lanceolate, acute, both 

 surfaces pubescent: fls. solitary in the If .-axils or some- 

 times in terminal or axillary few-fld. cymes, 2^ in. 

 across, pale pink; calyx soon turgid, 10-nerved, veins 



obscure green, with membranaceous edges; petals cili- 

 ate-clawed, limb broad, 4-cleft. Ore. and Calif. B.M. 

 6051. F.S. 20:2093. G.C. III. 52:44. G. 34:643. Gn. 

 79, p. 389. 



42. pusflla, Waldst. & Kit. Perennial, dwarf, villous 

 on the petioles and at the base of the sts., viscous above, 

 cespitose, many-stemmed: sts. low, slender, leafy, 

 dichotomous: Ivs. radical, spatulate, the others short- 

 lanceolate: peduncles long, capillary, 1 (rarely 2) -fld.: 

 calyx glabrous or minutely glandulose, turbinate ; petals 

 glabrous-clawed, blade white, obtuse, 4-toothed: caps, 

 ovate-globose. S. Eu. Considered by some to be 

 only a variety of S. quadrifida. 



43. ScMfta, Gmel.; also spelled Schaftse. Perennial, 

 3-6 in. high, pubescent-scabrous: roots woody: sts. 

 many, arising laterally from the rosettes, weak and 

 procumbent, short, simple or slightly branched: Ivs. 

 rosulate, small, obovate-oblong, acute: fls. rose or pur- 

 ple, 1-5, axillary and terminal, solitary; calyx some- 

 what hirsute, reddish, 10-nerved, long, cylindrical, not 

 inflated; petals broadly obovate, notched, with 2 scales 

 at their base, claw glabrous. June-Oct. Caucasus. 

 B.R. 32:20. F.S. 3, p. 286C. Gn. 78, p. 135. 



44. pennsylvanica, Michx. (S. caroliniana, Walt.?). 

 WILD PINK. Perennial, 6-9 in. high, from a strong tap- 

 root, viscid-pubescent: sts. few: Ivs. mostly basal, 

 spatulate or oblanceolate, acutish, base tapering to the 

 long, ciliate petioles; cauline Ivs. 2-3 pairs, shorter, 

 lanceolate or narrowly oblong: fls. rose or white, in 

 small, dense, terminal cymes; calyx purplish, clavate; 

 petals obovate, claw glabrous, appendaged, 2-lobed. 

 Apr., May. E. N. Amer., New England to S. C. and 

 Ky. B.R. 247. L.B.C. 1:41 (as S. incarnata). B.B. 

 (ed. 2)2:65. S. caroliniana is accepted by some 

 authors as the name of this species, but there is con- 

 siderable doubt as to the identity of Walter's species 

 and it is questionable whether the plant he described 

 is S. pennsylvanica. 



S. Chdffla, Hort., is probably a misspelling of S. Schafta. S. 

 Correvoniana, Hort., is offered as a rare plant growing in "com- 

 pact tufts, with rosy pink fls. which almost resemble minute roses." 

 S. graminifblia, Hort., is not recognizable, as there are three 

 plants going under that name. S. Kitabdiana, Hort., may be S. 

 multicaulis. S. orientdlis, Mill., is according to Miller a plant with 

 St. erect, hirsute: Ivs. nerved: fls. purplish; calyx conical. It is not 

 treated botanically by Williams, DeCandolle, Boissier, Nicholson, 

 or Voss, but is offered in the trade as a perennial, 2-2 J^ ft. high: 

 fls. bright rose, in a head. Var. dlba, Hort. and var. compdcta, 

 Hort., are also offered. S. pteris grandifldra, Hort., is offered in 

 the trade; the species is unknown botanically. S. Wdrdii, Hort., is 

 likened to S. Schafta on a large scale: said to grow about 1 ft. high, 

 to have a loose graceful habit and an abundance of bright pink fls. 



F. TRACY HUBBARD.! 



SILK-COTTON TREE: Ceiba. S. Flower: Albizzia. S. 

 Oak: GreviUea robusta. S. Tree: Albizzia Julibrissin. S. Vine: 

 Periploca grazca. S.-weed: Asclepias. 



SILPHIUM (from the Greek name of an umbellif- 

 erous plant of northern Africa). Composite. ROSIN- 

 WEED. Tall-growing hardy perennial herbs native of the 

 United States which are grown for their rather large 

 sunflower-like heads of flowers which, except in one 

 species, are yellow. 



Leaves opposite, alternate or verticillate, often form- 

 ing water-holding cups by perfoliation of the st. : heads 

 many-fld.; involucre of thick, somewhat foliaceous 

 bracts; ray-fls. or at least their ovaries in more than 1 

 series, fertile, and with elongated exserted deciduous 

 ligules: achenes much flattened, falling free or only 

 with the subtending bract. About 25 species. Sil- 

 phiums are of easy cult, in any good soil. They require 

 full sunlight and are prop, by division or seed. 



A. Foliage much cut. 



laciniatum, Linn. COMPASS PLANT. St. about 6 ft. 

 high, leafy at the base, much less so above, very rough : 

 Ivs. 1 ft. long or more, once or twice pinnately parted, 

 the lobes oblong or lanceolate: fl. -heads several, ses- 

 sile or short-peduncled, 2-5 in. across; rays 20-30. 



