SOLAXUM 



SOLAXUM 



3181 



horticultural plan. See Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 21, for 

 account of the tuberiferous solanums. Other important 

 papers on the tuberous species are Bertha ult, Recher- 

 ches botaniques sur les varietes cultivees du Solanum 

 tuberosum et les especes suavages de Solanum tuberif- 

 eres voisins, Ann. Sci. Agron. Ser. III. 6th annee 1911; 

 Sutton. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 38:1909; Wittmack, 

 Berichti Deutsch. Bot. Gesellschaft 27:28, 1909, and 

 Landwirtschaftliche Jahrbucher Zeitschrift 38: suppl. 

 5, 1909; Heckel, sur les Origines de la Pomme de Terre 

 Cultivee, etc. Ann. de la Faculty des Sci. de Marseille 

 16: 1906; Ballivian & Tovar, Noticia Historica y Classi- 

 fication de la. Papa de Bolivia. 1914. 



A. Species bearing underground tubers (except No. 6): 

 les. pinnate. 



B. Corolla not deeply lobed. 



1. tuberSsum, Linn. POTATO. Figs. 3628, also 3152, 

 3153, Vol. V. Low, weak-stemmed, much-branched 

 perennial with tender, herbaceous tops, and perpetuat- 

 ing itself asexually by means of thickened or tuberous 

 underground sts., glabrous or pubescent-hirsute: Ivs. 

 unequally pinnate, the 5-9 oblong-ovate Ifts. interposed 

 with much smaller ones: fls. variable in color, white 

 passing through various tints and shades of purple, 

 violet, and blue, in long-stemmed dichptomous clusters: 

 fr. a globular berry %~l in. or more in diam., usually 

 through lack of viable pollen not produced in the 

 highly developed modern varieties except in favored 

 localities and in the case of certain varieties, but fruit- 

 ing abundantly in S. Chile and in Peru. Temp. Andes 

 of Peru and Bolivia. See Potato. 



2. Maglia, Schlecht. DARWTX POTATO. Rough- 

 hirsute branched perennial, with angled more or less 

 winged sts. at least near the insertion of the Ivs.: Ivs. 

 unequally pinnate, the terminal 1ft. 4 in. long, the lateral 

 ones 2-3 pairs, elliptical, unequal at the base, acute at 

 the apex, the interposed Ifts. very small or sometimes 

 wanting entirely: fls. in dichotomous clusters, the pedi- 

 cels articulate about the middle; calyx hirsute, the 

 lobes abruptly narrowed to a linear-acuminate point; 

 corolla pure white, slightly lobed, the lobes acute. 

 Infrequent along the Chilean coast from the vicinity of 

 Valparaiso southward, and occasionally on the islands 

 as far as the Chonos Archipelago. B.M. 6756. Tubers 

 gathered by the writer were about 4 in. long, dark 

 purple, both in the skin and flesh. Apparently very 

 difficult to hybridize with S. tuberosum. It was at one 

 time considered by some to be the original of the potato. 

 Darwin describes the plant in his "Naturalist's Voyage." 



3. Fendleri, Gray (S. tuber bsum var. boreale, Gray). 

 Herbaceous perennial with st. about 18 in. high, angled, 

 and foliage somewhat resembling the common potato: 



Ivs. 4-5^ in. long, with 1-2 pairs of short-stalked Literal 

 Ifts., these 1J4~1% in. long, the terminal 1ft. somewhat 

 larger, broadly ovate and abruptly rounded or sub- 

 cordate at the base, acute at the apex, interposed Ifts. 

 very few, all pubescent on both surfaces with scattered 

 hairs: fls. violet, the pedicels ^-^in. long; calyx-lobes 

 about 1 line long, ovate, short-acuminate; corolla about 

 %-l in. diam., the lobes pubescent without. New Mex. 



3628. Tuber of potato. Solanum tuberosum. ( X l /i) 



and probably also W. Texas, but apparently very infre- 

 quent. The species has nothing to do with the potato 

 and is much less frequent than the following. 



4. demissum, Lindl. St., both surfaces of the Ivs., 

 pedicels, and calyx pubescent with flattened hairs: Ivs. 

 4-6 in. long with 2-3 pairs of mostly oval lateral Ifts., the 

 upper pair sometimes decurrent with the rachis, termi- 

 nal Ifts. much larger than the lateral ones, obovate 

 or oval, interspersed Ifts. few: fls. appearing when the 

 plant is quite small and continuing to bloom for some 

 time; calyx-lobes shorter than or only equaling the 

 tube, ovate, slightly acuminate; corolla violet, ^-%in. 

 diam.: fr. ovoid or globose-ovoid: tubers an inch or 

 more in diam. New Mex., Ariz, and N. Mex. Appar- 

 ently not infrequent. 



5. edinense, Berthault. Sts. angled, rather strongly 

 villous: Ivs. unequally pinnate, the segms. unequal at 

 the base, pubescent on both surfaces: calyx rather 

 densely hairy with flattened hairs; corolla purple: fr. 

 globose or slightly ovoid. The tubers are white in the 

 skin and flesh and after 20 years of garden cult, are 

 reported to average \ 1 A in. diam. For several years 

 this species was confused with S. etuberosum which 

 apparently does not produce tubers, and from which it 

 may easily be distinguished by the hairy calyx and 

 larger If.-segms. Original locality probably Chile. 



6. etuberdsum, Lindl. Sts. 1-2 ft. high, angled: lys. 

 rather densely short-pubescent: pedicels about J-iin. 

 long, glabrous but peduncle pubescent: calyx-lobes 

 nearly or quite glabrous, short-ovate, and abruptly con- 

 tracted to a short acute point; corolla large, deep purple 

 with a yellowish center. Not known to produce tubers, 

 but may be multiplied by dividing its stout underground 

 sts. and also grown from seed. Chile. B.R. 1712. 



BB. Corolla deeply lobed. 



7. Jamesii, Torr. Low and slender, 12-18 hi. tall 

 under cult., the small angular branches glabrous or soon 

 becoming so: Ivs. oblong in general outline, the rachis 

 narrow-winged, the Ifts. 5-9, with no interposed small 

 ones, small and lanceolate-oblong in shape: fls. small, 

 white, the corolla deeply cleft and the anthers large and 

 prominent: tubers few, globular, hard, 1 in. or less hi 

 diam., withstanding frost. Mountains of Colo., New 

 Mex.. Ariz., and Mex. B.M. 6766. Sometimes cult, as 

 a curiosity. The tubers do not appear to be eaten. 



8. C6mmersonii, Dun. Sts. angled, sparingly pubes- 

 cent or glabrate: lys. pubescent, strongly so on the lower 

 surface, or sometimes nearly glabrous, mostly 4-8 in. 

 long with 2-4 pairs of Ifts., the Ifts. oval or slightly 



