3186 



SOLANUM 



SOLD AN ELL A 



G.M. 36:610. A.F. 12:1147. F.E. 8:828. A splendid 

 greenhouse climber, perhaps the most showy of the cult, 

 solanums. Blooms in summer and fall. Ernest Braunton 

 writes: "S. Wendlandii is a magnificent climber in this 

 climate (Los Angeles), reaching 50 ft. or more and hav- 

 ing umbels 12 in. across. It is perhaps the showiest vine 

 in Calif, when in 

 bloom. It is gener- 

 ally hardy here, 

 although some 

 winters nip and 

 even kill the vine 

 in the colder and 

 lower parts of this 

 city. Cut up an 

 old vine, any kind 

 of wood, stick the 

 pieces in sand or 

 light soil, and wait. Every 

 cutting will grow. When 

 in a robust condition it is 

 a gross feeder. It should 

 be in full sun, though it 

 does well anywhere." 



cc. Foliage usually more or 

 less pubescent, some- 

 times glabrous or 

 glabrate. 



38. Dulcamara, Linn. 

 BITTER-SWEET. Fig. 3634. 



A more or less pubescent 3634. Solanum Dulcamara. ( X M) 

 or sometimes glabrous 



shrubby climber with st. 4-6 ft. long: Ivs. entire or 

 sometimes 3-5-parted, 1-3 in. long, the entire ones cor- 

 date, ovate-cordate, or the upper ones hastate: fls. 

 many, drooping, in panicled corymbs opposite the Ivs. ; 

 corolla white or violet, ^in. diam., the lobes reflexed, 

 each segm. furnished with 2 greenish spots near the 

 base: fr. ovoid, J^in. diam., red or rarely yellowish 

 green. Naturalized from Eu. Berries poisonous. 



39. jasminifdlium, Sendt. St. round, unarmed, spa- 

 ringly pubescent or glabrate : Ivs. ovate to ovate-lanceo- 

 late, entire or very slightly undulate, usually subcordate 

 at the otherwise truncate base, acute or obtuse at the 

 apex, petiole J^-l in. long, the blade 1-2 in. long: fls. 

 several in a paniculate cluster; calyx campanulate, the 

 lobes about equaling the tube, oblong and obtuse; 

 corolla about %in. across, deeply lobed, the lobes ovate 

 or oval. Brazil. 



40. pensile 5 Sendt. A woody climber, more tender 

 than S. Wendlandii: Ivs. simple and entire, 2-4 in. long, 

 somewhat glossy green and glabrous above, paler 

 below, ovate or slightly cordate at the base, rarely nar- 

 rowed toward the petiole: fls. in long panicles or 

 racemes, the corolla purplish red changing to pale blue 

 with white star-shaped center, rather deeply lobed and 

 about 1 in. diam. : fr. globose, pale violet, about the size 

 of a small cherry. British Guiana, the Amazon region 

 and Surinam. 



41. W6rsleyi, Hort. An unarmed woody climbing 

 plant reaching a height of about 9 ft.: Ivs. soft-pubes- 

 cent, oblong-lanceolate, drooping, 6-12 in. long: frs. the 

 size of a hen's egg, clear light red in color; is a native of 

 the highlands near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where it is 

 used for the decoration of dwellings. In the unripe stage 

 the frs. are said to be prepared and used as a vegetable. 

 G.C. III. 27:19. 



S. auriculdtum, Ait., is allied to S. verbascifolium, and is some- 

 times mistaken for it. Lvs. 6-7 in. long, ovate-oblong, acuminate, 

 entire, velvety-tomentose above with branched hairs, more densely 

 so and paler below, axils furnished with small Ivs.: corymbs sub- 

 terminal, many-fld.; corolla violet, about Viva., across: berry glo- 

 bose. Afr. S. betaceum, Cav., is Cyphomandra, for which see Vol. 

 II. S. cernuum, Velloz. Shrub or small tree, with cyphomandra- 

 like Ivs. and the young parts clothed with chaffy hairs: fls. white: 

 fr. globose, hairy, inclosed in the calyx. S. Brazil. B.M. 7491.: S. 

 Commersonii, "Violet," which attracted much attention a few years 



ago, is S. tuberosum, being similar to, if not identical with the variety 

 known as "Blue Giant." S. corymbdsum, Jacq. A fetid rather 

 weak, unarmed, branched half-shrub: Ivs. 2-5 in. long, glabrous 

 except for the ciliate margins, ovate or lanceolate, entire or slightly 

 lobed: fls. about }^in. diam., blue or violet: fr. reddish orange, 

 J4-^gin. diam. Native of Peru. S. erectum is Cyphomandra 

 betaceum. S. Pierreanum, Paill. & Bois, has fr. the size of a wal- 

 nut and shaped like a tomato, scarlet. <S. stoloniferum, Schjecht. 

 & BouchS. Tuber-bearing: Ivs. with 3-4 pairs of pinnae, the inter- 

 posed ones very numerous; Ifts. mostly subcordate at the base and 

 acuminate at the apex, sparingly pubescent with scattered flat- 

 tened hairs on the upper surface, usually only along the veins on 

 the lower surface, but puberulent on both surfaces: calyx glabrous, 

 the lobes about the length of the tube; corolla white. S. tubin- 

 gense and S. Darwinianum said to be graft hybrids of Lycoper- 

 sicum esculentum and S. nigrum produced by Prof. Winkler of 

 Tubingen. G.C. III. 50: 161. S. verbascifdlium, Linn. Lvs. lan- 

 ceolate-ovate, or ovate-oblong, entire, tomentose, without smaller 

 Ivs. in the axils: fls. rather small, white: fr. the size of a small 

 cherry. Widely distributed in the tropics. rrr p WIGHT 



SOLDANELLA (Latin, a small coin, referring to the 

 shape of the leaves). Primulacese. Small glabrous per- 

 ennial herbs with short rhizomes, hardy and useful in 

 the border or rock-garden. 



Leaves long-petioled, thick, cordate-orbicular or 

 reniform, entire : scapes slender, solitary or few, 1-fld. or 

 many-fld., umbellate: fls. blue, violet, or rose, rarely 

 white, nodding, about My^in- across; calyx 5-parted, 

 segms. lanceolate, persistent; corolla hypogynous, 

 funnelform-campanulate, 5-lobed to the middle, the 

 lobes laciniate-lacerate; ovary superior, ovoid: caps, 

 conic-oblong, many-seeded. Species, 6, mountains of 

 Eu. For account of species and cult., see Gn. 61, pp. 

 126, 127; for monograph, Paxt. & Knuth in Das Pflan- 

 zenreich, hft. 22 (IV. 237). 



Soldanellas are amongst the most famous flowers of 

 the Alps, though not the commonest. S. alpina ascends 

 the mountains to the line of perpetual snow. Grant 

 Allen, in "Flashlights on Nature," declares that the 

 flower of soldanella actually thaws its way up through a 

 solid block of ice. Soldanellas are cultivated in this 

 country only in a few rock-gardens. Those who have 

 limited resources and dwell in the region of changeable 

 winters might attempt to grow these plants in pots 

 under a frame in lieu of nature's winter covering. They 

 are said to prefer a half -shady or shady position and are 

 propagated by seed or division. 



A. Fls. 2-4 on a scape; corolla split half-way to the base; 



filaments half as long as anthers. 



B. Pedicels pubescent. 



montana, Mikan. Sts. 6-14 in. high: lys. roundish; 

 margin slightly and remotely crenate: fls. violet. May- 

 July. Gn. 61, p. 127. G.W. 15, p. 714. 



BB. Pedicels roughish. 



alpina, Linn. (S. Cliisii, F. W. Schmidt. S. occiden- 

 talis, Vierh.)."Fig. 

 3635. Sts. 3-6 in. 

 high: Ivs. round- 

 ish; base more or 

 less kidney- 

 shaped; margin 

 entire or some- 

 what wavy : fls. 

 violet, with dark- 

 er streaks. May. 



B. M. 49: 2163. 

 G.C. II. 24:457. 

 G. 34:469. Gn. 

 61, p. 127. Var. 

 alba, Hort., is a 

 white-fld. form. 

 Natural hybrids 

 are known of . 

 which this species 



is one of the par- 

 ents. Pyrenees, 

 Alps, etc. Hand- 

 some Species. 3635. Soldanella alpina. ( X 1 A) 



