STACHYS 



STANDARDS OF COLOR 3221 



Betdnico cdrnea, Hart., is offered in the trade, probably a flesh- 

 colored form of S. grandiflora. Bttonica ritbra, Hort., is also in 

 the trade, probably a red-fld. form of 8. grandiflora. 



F. TRACY HuBBARD.f 



STACHYTARPHETA (Greek, dense spike). Verbend- 

 ceae. Simple pilose, villous or glabrous .herbs or shrubs, 

 suitable for the warrnhouse but hardy outside in the 

 extreme southern United States. 



Leaves opposite or alternate, dentate, often rugose: 

 spikes terminal, sometimes long and dense, sometimes 

 short or lax: fls. white, blue, purple, or scarlet, solitary 

 in the axils of the bracts, sessile or half sunk in the 

 rachis of the spike; calyx narrow-tubular, 4-5-ribbed, 

 4-5-toothed; corolla-tube cylindrical, limb spreading, 

 5-cleft, lobes broad, obtuse or ret use; perfect stamens 2; 

 ovary 2-celled: fr. included in the calyx, oblong-linear. 

 About 50 species, mostly natives of Trop. and Sub- 

 trop. Amer. but one (S. indica) is dispersed very broadly 

 in the tropics of Afr. and Asia. 



mutabiUs, Vahl. A low shrub, scabrous-pubescent: 

 Ivs. ovate, dentate, scabrous above, whitish-pubescent 

 beneath: spike long, erect: bracts lanceolate, subulate: 

 calyx 4-dentate, hispid, 4-6 lines long; corolla crimson, 

 fading to rose, M-M m - across. W. Indies, Mex. to 

 Guiana. B.M. 976. Gt. 3, p. 178. Cult, in S. Calif. 



indica, Vahl (S. jamaicensis, Vahl. S. urticifblia, 

 Dalz. & Gibs.). Herb, 1-2 ft. high: branches quad- 

 rangular: Ivs. 1-4 in. long, elliptic, serrate: spikes 3-12 

 in. long: fls. finally sunk in the thickened rachis, deep 

 blue; calvx 4-toothed, 4-nerved. Trop. Amer.; Asia, 

 probably "naturalized. B.M. 1860. 



F. TRACY HuBBARD.f 



STACHYURUS (Greek, spike and tail; in allusion to 

 the form of the inflorescence). Stachyurdcex, formerly 

 usually included in Ternstrcemiacese. Ornamental 

 woody plants grown for their very early flowers and 

 the handsome foliage. 



Deciduous or evergreen 

 shrubs or trees: Ivs. alternate, 

 slender-petioled, serrate, with 

 small deciduous stipules: fls. 

 perfect or polygamous, nearly 

 sessile, in pendulous axillary 

 racemes; sepals 4, strongly im- 

 bricate; petals 4, imbricate; 

 stamens 8 with slender fila- 

 ments; ovary superior, incom- 

 pletely 4-celled; style simple, 

 with 4-lobed stigma: fr. a 

 4-celled, many-seeded small 

 berry. Five or possibly 6 

 species in Japan, China, and 

 the Himalayas. 



The species in cultivation are 

 handsome shrubs with spread- 

 ing branches, with medium- 

 sized bright green, generally 

 ovate to ovate-oblong leaves 

 and pale greenish yellow flow- 

 ers in long pendulous spikes 

 appearing early in spring before 

 the leaves from the axils along 

 last year's branches. They 

 have proved hardy in sheltered 

 positions as far north as Massachusetts, but the flower- 

 buds which are formed in autumn and remain naked 

 during the winter are killed by the frost, if not pro- 

 tected. They grow well in moderately moist well- 

 drained soil. Propagation is by seeds or usually by 

 softwood cuttings under glass and by layers. 



pracox, Sieb. & Zucc. Fig. 3674." Shrub, to 12 ft.: 

 young branchlets reddish brown or chestnut-brown and 

 lustrous: Ivs. elliptic-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acumi- 

 nate, rounded at the base, serrate with somewhat 

 spreading teeth, glabrous and lustrous beneath or 



slightly pubescent on the veins, 3-6 in. long: racemes 

 2-3 in. long: fls. campanulate, J^jin. long; style shorter 

 than petals: fr. globose, J^in. across, greenish yellow 

 with reddish cheek. March; fr. in Sept., Oct. Japan. 

 B.M. 6631. G.C. III. 21:285 (adapted in Fig. 3674). 

 Gn. 75, p. 204. R.H. 1908, p. 87. S.I.F. 1:74. 



chinensis, Franch. Shrub, to 15 ft., very similar to 

 the preceding species: young branchlets greenish or 

 dull brown: Ivs. ovate to oblong-ovate, long-acuminate, 

 rounded or subcordate at the base, crenately serrate, 

 glabrous, 2^-5 hi. long: racemes 2-3^ in. long: fls. 

 spreading, about H m - long; style as long as petals or 

 slightly exserted: fr. globose, Kin. across. March. 

 Cent. China. Gn. 79, p. 182. ALFRED REHDER. 



STACKHOUSIA (named for John Stackhouse, an 

 English botanist). Stackturusiaceae. Small herbs from a 

 perennial herbaceous or woody rhizome, used for orna- 

 mental planting in warm climates: Ivs. alternate, linear 

 or spatulate, entire, leathery or somewhat fleshy; 

 stipules none or very minute : fls. spicate at the ends of 

 the branches or fascicled along the rachis, rarely race- 

 mose, white or yellow, hermaphrodite; calyx small, 

 tube hemispherical, 5-lobed or rarely 5-parted; petals 

 5, linear or spatulate, claw elongated; stamens 5, 

 inserted on the disk-margin, erect; ovary sessile, free, 

 subglobose, 2-5-lobed or -parted, 2-5-celled: fr. splitting 

 up into 2-5 globose, angular or winged indehiscent ber- 

 ries. About 20 species, Austral. 



monogyna, Labill. (S. linariifdlia, A. Cunn.). A half- 

 hardy perennial herb, usually simple, about 1 % ft. high, 

 with linear or lanceolate Ivs. about 1 in. long: spikes at 

 first dense, then lengthening to 4-6 in.: buds pinkish 

 when young; fls. white. B.R. 1917. The plant in the 

 California!! trade is apparently not the above species, 

 for it is described as a tall robust shrub with fl.-heads 

 1-2 in. across, surrounded by imbricated bracts and 

 bright yellow fls. with a purple-streaked keel. 



F. W. BARCLAY. 

 F. TRACY HuBBARD.f 



STADMANNIA (named for Stadmann, a German 

 botanist) ; also erroneously spelled Stadtmannia. Sapin- 

 daeese. Branched pustulate trees, apparently very 

 rarely cult.: Ivs. alternate, without stipules, abruptly 

 pinnate; Ifts. 3-6 pairs, opposite and alternate, oblong, 

 obtuse: panicles axillary, branched: fls. small, pedi- 

 celled, polygamo-dioecious; calyx subspherical, 5- 

 toothed; petals none; disk thick, raised and lobed; 

 stamens 8; ovary oblong, 3-celled: berry dry, oblong- 

 spherical, indehiscent. The only species of this genus 

 that is well known is a tropical tree from the Bourbon 

 Isls., there known as bois de fer or ironwood. This is a 

 large tree with hard, heavy reddish wood, once frequent 

 in the primeval forests of Mauritius but now scarce. It 

 is not known to be in cult, in Amer. Nine other names 

 appear in Index Kewensis, apparently all Brazilian 

 species, but one of them is a bare name and the others 

 were first described in the early 1860's in Linden's 

 catalogue. 



oppositifdlia, Lam. (S. Siderdxylon, DC.). Bois DE 

 FER. Lvs. alternate, petioled, abruptly pinnate; Ifts. 

 8-12, opposite, oblong, short-stalked, obtuse, coria- 

 ceous, entire, oblique at base: panicles dense, cylindri- 

 cal, 3^4 in. long: fr. hard, globular, nearly 1 in. thick. 

 Mauritius. 



S. amdbili*, Hort., is offered in the trade, but is not known 

 botanically: it is said to be an imposing decorative plant for 

 warmhouse cult, and to require the same treatment as gardenias. 



F. TRACY HUBBARD.! 



STAG-HORN FERN: Platycerium. S. Sumach: Rhus. 



STANDARDS OF COLOR MEASUREMENT. 

 There is no universally acknowledged standard of color 

 measurement, nor any international agreement between 

 physicists and artists as to the constituents of such a 



