3256 



STORAGE 



STORAGE 



ing space is effective, especially during warm weather. 

 Fig. 3704 is a diagram which shows the proper method 

 of constructing a common-storage wall with an outer 

 ventilating space designed to carry off most of the heat 

 absorbed by the outer wall. Windows are not satis- 

 factory for ventilating common-storage plants. The 

 openings should be at or near the floor and there should 

 be corresponding openings at the top, as shown in the 

 diagram illustrated by Fig. 3704. The taking-in of the 

 outer air depends upon the difference in temperature 

 between the bottom and top parts of the building; 

 therefore the greater the number of openings, the more 

 rapidly the air of the room can be changed. A false floor 

 is a distinct advantage, and will add very materially to 

 the efficiency of the plant. The construction and use of 

 such a false floor is illustrated in Fig. 3705. When the 

 false floor is used, the openings or ventilators should 

 open directly under the floor, so that the outer air may 



3706. Diagram showing construction and proper arrangement 

 of ventilators in combined ice and common fruit storage room. 

 Dotted arrows show directions of air when ice cooling is used. 



have an opportunity to pass directly beneath the prod- 

 uct stored in the room. A forced circulation is very 

 much more satisfactory and will result in a more 

 rapid change of air. In order to accomplish this, an 

 exhaust fan should be placed at the top of the chamber, 

 so that the air of the room can be drawn to the fan 

 and exhausted into the outer air, thus creating a reduc- 

 tion of the air pressure within the rooms and the con- 

 sequent drawing-in of the air to the room when the 

 ventilators or traps of the room are open. Fig. 3705 

 shows a cross-section of such a chamber and the 

 proper location of the fan. 



In the combination of the ice cooling and common 

 storage, ice and salt or even ice alone can be used to 

 cool the fruit at the early part of the season. The tube 

 method may also be used with ice and salt or the gravity- 

 brine system before described can be advantageously 

 utilized. 



A diagrammatic cross-section of a combined ice- 

 cooled and common-storage plant is shown in Fig. 

 3706. The design permits of the closing of ventilators 



3707. Diagram of stone, brick, or con- 

 crete wall with two layers of commercial 

 insulation. 1, 8-inch wall; 2, asphalt or 

 cement; 3, 2-inch commercial insulation; 4, 

 asphalt; 5, 2-inch commercial insulation; 

 6, cement finish or T and G boards. 



and the opening of trap-doors, to utilize direct cooling 

 from the ice stored above. A similar arrangement 

 for the use of ice in small rooms can be made with the 

 ice room or bunker placed at the end or side of the 

 chamber. 



The Figs. 

 3707 to 3713 are 

 diagrams show- 

 ing the proper 

 construction of 

 walls and the 

 method of insu- 

 lating walls, ceil- 

 ings, and floors 

 both with com-i 

 mercial insula- 

 tion and com- 

 mon materials. 

 Figs. 3707, 3708, 

 and 3709 show 

 the proper 

 method of ap- 

 plying insulation to stone, brick, and concrete walls; 

 .while Figs. 3710, 3711, 3712, and 3713 show the 

 method of applying insulation to ceilings and floors. 



In the operation of common-storage plants, the fruit 

 must be carefully watched at all times. The tempera- 

 ture should be taken frequently. It is very desirable 

 that the actual temperature of the fruit itself be recorded 

 from tune to time. For this purpose, glass thermome- 

 ters, the bulbs of which can be imbedded in the fruit, 

 are desirable. Long-stem thermometers can be obtained 

 which have the bulb at the end of a long tube and the 

 recording scale at the upper end, thus allowing the 

 temperature to be taken at the ulterior of the package. 

 It is possible to note temperature conditions of the 

 fruit by observing the influences of the temperature 

 within the package upon the temperature of the room. 

 When the fruit is thoroughly copied throughout the 

 mass, there will be little change in temperature after 

 the closing of the ventilators. If the insulation of the 

 room is effective, the change in the temperature of 

 the air of the room will be very slight. If, however, 

 there is any considerable heat left in the body of the 

 fruit, there will be a marked and rather abrupt rise 

 in the temperature after closing the ventilators. 



Careful attention to the condition of the fruit is 

 necessary also to determine whether the humidity of 

 the room is too high or too low. This will be shown by 

 the appearance of the fruit. Excessive ventilation, i. e., 

 the circulation of large volumes of air through the room, 

 will cause shrinkage or shriveling, while insufficient 

 circulation will favor mold. Special recording hygro- 

 graphs which record the changes in humidity almost 

 instantly upon a chart are very convenient adjuncts to 

 storage rooms in order to observe the humidity condi- 

 tions. Instruments which record both relative humidity 

 and temperature on the same chart are obtainable. 

 When one desires 

 to operate properly, 

 an investment in 

 such an instrument 

 is a distinct advan- 

 tage. 



The length of 

 time which different 

 fruits may be held 

 varies for the kind 

 of fruits and even 

 for different varie- 

 ties of the same 

 kinds of fruits. The 



nortanpp of stnr- 

 St ? r 



en > . 1S 

 tive ; it IS most 



important for fruits 



3708> 



of stone, bnck, or 



concrete wall with one layer commer- 

 cial insulation. /, 8-inch wall; 2, cement 

 or asphalt; 3, 4-inch commercial insula- 

 tion; 4, cement finish or T and G boards. 



