3282 



SURINAM CHERRY 



SWAINSONA 



subsessile, opposite, entire, ovate, subacuminate at the 

 apex and rounded to subcordate at the base, 1 to 2 

 inches long, glabrous, reddish when young but when 

 mature of a deep glossy green color. When crushed they 

 emit a pungent odor which is rather agreeable; in Brazil 

 they are often gathered and scattered over the floors of 

 the houses, the odor which they give off when trampled 

 upon being appreciated and considered efficacious in 

 driving away flies. The white slightly fragrant flowers 

 are about J^ inch in diameter, solitary in the axils of 

 the leaves on slender peduncles up to 1 inch long; the 

 sepals are four, oblong, concave, ciliate; the petals four, 

 oblong-obovate, cupped, ciliate. The stamens are 

 numerous, erect in a large cluster, the filaments filiform 

 and the anthers oval, laterally dehiscent. The style is 

 slightly longer than the stamens, filiform, the stigma 

 simple; ovary bilocular. See page 1162. 



The fruits are produced in great abundance during the 

 early spring in south Florida, with frequently a second 

 crop later in the summer; they are subglobose, about 1 



3743. Surinam cherry. 

 (XX) 



inch in diameter or somewhat less, prominently eight- 

 ribbed longitudinally, deep crimson in color when fully 

 ripe, each containing one large spherical seed or two 

 hemispherical ones. The flesh is soft and melting, very 

 juicy, of the same color as the thin skin and of an aro- 

 matic, subacid flavor. The fruit is a great favorite in 

 parts of Brazil, where it is commonly eaten out of hand 

 or made into jellies, preserves, and sherbets. 



The plant is of very simple culture. It is usually 

 propagated by seeds, which will germinate upon the 

 ground beneath the bush if the fruits are allowed to fall. 

 They can be sown in flats of light sandy loam, and cov- 

 ered to the depth of about an inch. Germination usu- 

 ally takes place within a few weeks. When a foot high, 

 the plants may be set out in the open ground, where 

 they require very little attention. They succeed remark- 

 ably well on the shallow sandy soils of southeast 



Florida, but in their native home are found upon clay 

 or clay loam. Their behavior in California indicates that 

 they are reasonably drought-resistant. Because of 

 their attractive appearance and close, compact growth 

 they are often used in Brazil for hedges, for which pur- 

 pose they are excellent. j\ w. POPENOE. 



SUTHERLANDIA (named for James Sutherland). 

 Leguminosse. Tender canescent shrubs, hardy in the 

 extreme S., otherwise grown in the greenhouse: Ivs. 

 unevenly pinnate; Ifts. many, very entire, without 

 stipels; stipules small, narrow: fls. showy, scarlet, few in 

 short axillary racemes; calyx-teeth subequal; standard 

 erect, spreading at the top; wings small, oblong; keel 

 erect, incurved, rather acute, exceeding the standard; 

 stamens 1, free from the standard, the others connate in 

 a sheath; ovary stipitate: legume ovoid, membrana- 

 ceous, much inflated, rather indehiscent. -One species, 

 S. Afr. Prop, by seeds and said to be easily raised from 

 cuttings. The seeds are generally sown in June or July 

 and the plants wintered in the greenhouse, where they 

 should have very moderate watering and as much air 

 and light as possible. Grown for the bloom. 



frutescens, R. Br. Shrub, about 3 ft. high: Ivs. with 

 9-11 pairs of Ifts. and an odd one: fls. drooping and in 

 the best variety 1 in. or more long, not pea-shaped: 

 pod sometimes 2J4 x 1 J4 in., bladder-like. S. Afr. G.W. 

 14, p. 383. Var. commiinis, Harv., has Ifts. glabrous 

 above, elliptical or oblong: ovaries and pods glabrous. 

 B.M. 181 (as Colutea frutescens). R.H. 1896, p. 206. 

 Var. tomentdsa, Harv. Lfts. shorter and broader, obo- 

 vate or obcordate, silvery white on both sides: ovaries 

 and pods hispid. Var. grandiflSra, Hort. (S. flori- 

 bunda, Carr., not Vilm.), has large red fls. and does not 

 bloom until the second year. R.H. 1871:610. Var. 

 alba, Hort. (S. floribunda, Vilm., not Carr.), has white 



fls- F. TRACY HuBBABD.f 



SWAINSONA (named for Isaac Swainson, an Eng- 

 lish horticulturist of the latter part of the eighteenth 

 century). Often incorrectly spelled Swainsonia. 

 Leguminosse. Glabrous or subappressed-pilose herbs 

 or subshrubs, adapted to greenhouse culture or out-of- 

 doors in the extreme South. 



Leaves odd-pinnate; Ifts. many without stipels; 

 stipules frequently herbaceous, base broad, rarely 

 bristle-like: fls. blue- violet, purple, red, rarely white or 

 yellowish, in axillary, usually peduncled racemes; 

 calyx-teeth subequal or the 2 upper shorter; standard 

 orbicular or reniform, spreading or reflexed; wings 

 oblong, falcate or somewhat twisted; keel broad, 

 incurved, obtuse; stamens 9 and 1; ovary sessile or 

 stipitate, many-ovuled: legume ovoid or oblong, turgid 

 or inflated, coriaceous or membranaceous. About 30 

 species, Austral. Differs from Colutea chiefly in 

 smaller stature and the large lateral stigma. By far the 

 most popular kind is S. galegifolia var. albiflora. 



A. Standard with prominent oblique or longitudinal calli: 

 pod stipitate, thin, inflated. (S. Maccullochiana 

 probably has no calli; cf. under AA.) 



B. Calyx densely white-tomentose. 

 Greyana, Lindl. (. grandifldra, R. Br.). Perennial 

 or subshrub, 2-3 ft. high: sts. erect or ascending, young 

 shoots and Ivs. white-tomentose, becoming glabrous: 

 Ifts. 11-21, oblong, obtuse or retuse, %-lJi in. long: 

 fls. large, pink, in long, erect, pedunculate racemes: 

 calyx dense white-tomentose, teeth short; standard 

 %in. diam., with 2 prominent, erect, plate-like calli, 

 wings shorter, keel incurved, obtuse: pod stipitate, 

 inflated up to 1^-2 in. long. Austral. B.M. 4416. 

 B.R. 32:66. H.F. 3:72. 



BB. Calyx glabrous or nearly so. 



galegifolia, R. Br. (Vicia galegifolia, Andr. Colutea 

 gategifolia, Sims, S. Osbornii, Moore). Small gla- 



