3294 



SYMPHORICARPOS 



SYMPHYTUM 



lous: Ivs. ovate, acute, rounded at the base, pubescent 

 and bluish gray beneath, J-^-l^ in. long: fls. in terminal 

 clusters and axillary; corolla pinkish, ^-^in. long, 

 pubescent inside: fr. pink. Aug., Sept. Mex. B.M. 

 4975. 



S. longifldrus. Gray. Allied to S. oreophilus: Ivs. smaller and nar- 

 rower, acute at both ends: fls. slender, J^in. long; style pubescent. 

 Calif, to Utah and N. Mex. S. mottis, Gray. Closely allied to S. 

 acutus, but Ivs. oval t9 suborbicular, obtuse. Calif. The plant 

 cult, under this name is usually S. acutus. S. sintnsis, Rehd. 

 Slender glabrous shrub, to 5 ft. : Ivs. oval to rhombic-ovate, Y<r-\ in. 

 long: fls. in terminal peduncled spikes; corolla campanulate, white: 

 fr. bluish black, bloomy. W. China. Has proved hardy at the 

 Arnold Arboretum. S. vaccinioides, Rydb. Allied to S. rotundi- 

 folius: Ivs. elliptic, acute at both ends, puberulous or glabrescent: 

 fls. small. Wash, to Wyo. and Utah. ALFRED R EHD EB. 



SYMPHYANDRA (Greek, anthers grown together). 

 Campanulacese. Perennial herbs with a thick caudex, 

 most of them hardy. 



Leaves broad, usually cordate, dentate, the radical 

 ones long-petioled, the cauline alternate, few or small: 

 fls. usually nodding, rather large, racemose or laxly 

 panicled, white, yellowish or bluish (?); calyx-tube 

 adnate, hemispherical or turbinate, limb deeply 5- 

 lobed or -parted; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed; ovary 

 inferior, 3-celled. About 8 species from the Caucasus 

 and Asia Minor and one reported from Korea. Its 

 special botanical interest lies in the fact that the 

 anthers are grown together into a tube, which character 

 tends to annul the distinction between the Campanula 

 and Lobelia families. Otherwise the genus is much like 

 Campanula, and used for similar purposes. 



A. Calyx without appendages. 



H6fmannii, Pant. Much branched, 1-2 ft. high, 

 pilose: branches decumbent: Ivs. oblanceolate, acute, 

 doubly dentate: fls. white, pendulous, 1J^ in. long, 1 in. 

 or more across, borne in a large leafy panicle; calyx-tube 

 hemispherical, without appendages, segms. large, leafy, 

 cordate; corolla campanulate, hairy inside. Bosnia. 

 B.M. 7298. Gn. 57, p. 303. G.C. III. 4:761. R.H. 

 1910, p. 285. Under favorable conditions in England 

 this plant has maintained a succession of bloom from 

 July-Dec. In Amer. the plant is said to be liable to 

 exhaust itself in blooming, thus behaving like a bien- 

 nial. It has large fleshy roots, needs a dry position, 

 and sows itself. A plant of good habit and well worth 

 cultivating. 



AA. Calyx with appendages. 



armena, A. DC. Perennial, rather pilose: sts. slen- 

 der, erect and decumbent, about 6-12 in. high, branched 

 above: Ivs. coarsely and rather acutely dentate; lower 

 long-petioled, cordate-ovate; upper minute, subsessile: 

 peduncles filiform, 1-branched or somewhat corymbose, 

 3-5-fld.; calyx hirsute, segms. spreading triangular, 

 acute, appendages very short, acute; corolla velvety, 

 narrowly campanulate, lobes short. Caucasus. 



ossetica, A. DC. Perennial, rather glabrous, about 6 

 in. or less high: sts. leafy, rather stout, incurved-pendu- 

 lous: Ivs. acutely double-dentate; radical rather long- 

 petioled, subcordate, ovate or oblong-acuminate; 

 intermediate Ivs. sessile: peduncles filiform, stoutly or 

 rather simply racemose: fls. pale blue; calyx glabrous, 

 segms. very broadly lanceolate, acuminate, appendages 

 acuminate and short; corolla glabrous, tubular-cam- 

 panulate. Caucasus. 



S. p&idula, Bieb. Perennial, pilose: sts. fleshy, 6-12 in. high: Ivs. 

 crenate-dentate, lower ovate, cordate, long-petioled; intermediate 

 Ivs oblong, acute, cuneate, short-petioled : fls. simply racemose, 

 yellowish white; calyx canescent-tomentose, appendages acuminate; 

 corolla campanulate, whitish-tomentellous. Caucasus. F. W. 1877 : 

 289. S. Wdnneri, Heuff. Perennial, hispidulous: sts. 1-3, ascend- 

 ing, 6 in. or more high: Ivs. oblong-lanceolate, acutely serrate or 

 somewhat lacmiate; radical long-attenuate to the petiole; cauline 

 attenuate to the base, sessile: infl. thyrsoidly branched, branches 

 L-3-fld.: fls. blue- violet, large, nodding; calyx-tube hemispherical, 

 segms. broadly and elongated-lanceolate, not appendaged; corolla 

 long-campanulate. S. E. Eu. Gn. 65, p. 410. 



F. TRACY HUBBARD. 



SYMPHYTUM (Greek, to grow together, in reference 

 to the supposed healing virtues). Boraginacese. COM- 

 FREY. Erect often hispid herbs, usually hardy in all 

 but the far North, sometimes grown for the variegated 

 foliage of some species. 



Roots sometimes tuberous: Ivs. alternate or several 

 radical ones; the cauline sometimes decurrent; the 

 upper sometimes strongly approximate, almost oppo- 

 site: cymes terminal, usually single or twice bifid or 

 simple unilateral racemes: fls. yellowish, blue, or pur- 

 plish, pedicelled; calyx 5-cleft or -parted, lobes or 

 segms. linear; corolla broadly tubular, lobes 5, very 

 short; stamens 5; ovary distinctly 4-lobed: nutlets 4, 

 obliquely ovoid, erect, rugose. About 25 species, Eu., 

 N. Afr., and W. Asia. Monographed by C. Bucknall 

 in Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 41 (1913). Of 

 easy cult, in any good soil. The shade of overhanging 

 trees is not objectionable. When grown for the beauty 

 of the variegated foliage, the flowering sts. may be 

 removed with advantage. Useful in borders. 



A. St. branched: fls. generally numerous. 



B. Calyx divided to or below the middle. 



c. Lvs. decurrent on the st. 



officinale, Linn. (S. bohemicum, F. W. Schmidt). 

 Perennial, about 3 ft. high: root thick: st. branched, 



white-pilose: Ivs. slightly 

 pilose, basal and lower 

 cauline ovate - lanceolate, 

 upper oblong -lanceolate, 

 all broadly decurrent at 

 base: fls. white, yellowish, 

 purple, or rose, in droop- 

 ing cymes. Eu., Asia. 

 Var. argenteum, Hort., 

 is offered in the trade as 

 growing 2 ft. high, with 

 silver - variegated foliage 

 and drooping blue fls. 

 Var. aftreum, Hort., is 

 offered in the trade as a 

 golden variegated form 

 growing 2 ft. high. Var. 

 coccineum, Hort. (S. cocci- 

 neum, Hort. ex Schlecht.), 

 is offered in the trade as 

 a scarlet-fid, form. Var. 

 lilacinum, Hort., is offered 

 in the trade. Var. pur- 

 pftreum, Pers. (S. officinale 

 var. bohemicum, Don), has 

 reddish purple fls. Eu. 

 Var. variegatum, Hort.. 

 has Ivs. widely margined 

 with creamy white. F.S. 

 18:1901-1902. 



cc. Lvs. not decurrent. 



D. Calyx-segms. obtuse: upper Ivs. subpetiolate. 

 asperum, Lepech. (S. asperrimum, Donn). PRICKLY 

 COMFREY. Fig. 3753. Perennial, 2^-5 ft. or even 

 more high: root thick: st. branched, uncinate: Ivs. 

 hispid or prickly on both surfaces, ovate or elliptical, 

 acuminate; lower petioled base cordate or rotundate; 

 upper subpetioled, base cuneate: fls. at first rose then 

 blue, smaller than those of S. officinale. Russia, Cau- 

 casus, Persia. B.M. 929. Has some forage value. 

 There are horticultural forms with yellow-variegated 

 or -margined Ivs. known as S. asperrimum aureo-varie- 

 gatum, and S. asperrimum var. variegatum. 



DD. Calyx-segms. acute: upper Ivs. sessile. 



peregrinum, Ledeb. Perennial, about 3 1 A ft. high: 



st. erect, tall, branched, prickly, prickles slightly 



retrorse: lower Ivs. long-petioled, elliptic-lanceolate. 



acuminate, about 10 x 4^ in.; upper Ivs. sessile, all 



3753. Symphytum asperum. 

 (XM) 



