3296 



SYMPLOCOS 



SYNDESMON 



3756. Synadenium Grantii. 



hardy as far north as Massachusetts, is generally culti- 

 vated; it is a shrub or sriiall tree with abundant white 

 flowers in small panicles, appearing in spring, and with 

 bright blue berry-like fruits in autumn. It thrives in 

 well-drained soil and sunny position. The half -ever- 

 green S. tinctoria, which seems not hardy north of its 



natural habitat, 

 prefers moist soil 

 and shady situ- 

 ation. The ever- 

 green species are all 

 tender and little 

 known in cultiva- 

 tion. Propagation 

 is by seeds, which 

 usually do not ger- 

 minate until the sec- 

 ond year, and by 

 greenwood cuttings 

 under glass; also by 

 layers. 



paniculata, Wall. 

 (S. cratsegoldes, 

 Buch.- Ham. Lod- 

 hra cratxgoides, 

 Decne.). Fig. 3755. 

 Deciduous shrub or 

 sometimes tree, attaining 40 ft., with slender, spread- 

 ing branches, forming an irregular open head: young 

 branches pubescent: Ivs. short-petioled, oval or obo- 

 vate to oblong-obovate, acute or acuminate, sharply 

 serrate, distinctly veined beneath and more or less 

 pubescent at the veins, rarely glabrous, 1K-3 in. long: 

 fls. white, fragrant, J^-J^in. across, with spreading, 

 oblong-oval petals in panicles 1^-3 in. long: fr. usually 

 1-seeded, oval, blue, about J^in. high. May, June. 

 Himalayas to China and Japan. G.F. 5:89 (adapted 

 in Fig. 3755). M.D.G. 1901:100, 101. S.I.F. 2:68. G. 

 33:425. 



tinctoria, L'Her. SWEET LEAF. HORSE SUGAR. Half- 

 evergreen shrub or small tree, occasionally to 30 ft. tall: 

 Ivs. elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, acute to short- 

 acuminate, undulate or obscurely serrate, lustrous 

 above, pubescent beneath, 2-5 in. long: fls. sessile, J^in. 

 across, yellowish, fragrant, in axillary dense clusters: fr. 

 oblong, crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes, Mm. 

 long, orange-brown. Spring. Del. to Fla. and La. S.S. 

 6:255,256. 



S. coccinea, Humb. & Bonpl. Evergreen tree: Ivs. oblong, 

 acuminate, crenulate, 3-5 in. long: fls. solitary, axillary, pink, 1 in. 

 across, with 10 petals. Spring. Mex. R.H. 1846:281. F.S. 2:133. 

 S. japtinica, DC. (S. lucida, Sieb. & Zucc.). Evergreen shrub or 

 small tree, 20 ft. high: Ivs. elliptic to oblong, acute, remotely ser- 

 rate, glabrous, 2-3 in. long: fls. yellowish, in short, few-fld. racemes: 

 fr. oblong, red. Spring. Japan. S.Z. 1:24. S.I.F. 2:66. A shrub 

 which has been distributed by several botanic gardens under the 

 name of S. japonica has proved to be Pyracantha crenulata. 

 S. sinica, Ker. Deciduous shrub, closely allied to S. paniculata: Ivs. 

 elliptic, acute, serrate, pubescent on both sides, l}i-2 in. long: fls. 

 white, in short panicles; calyx-teeth acute. May, June. China. 

 B.R. 710. S. surmintia, Buch.-Ham. Small evergreen tree: Ivs. 

 oblong-elliptic, acuminate, cuneate at the base, serrulate, glabrous, 

 3-5 in. long: fls. white, in short racemes: fr. oblong. Himalayas. 



Gt. 31 : 1073. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



SYNADENIUM (Greek name, indicating the united 

 involucral glands). Euphorbidcese. Thick-branched 

 tropical shrubs, sometimes cult, in collections of suc- 

 culents, having the generic characters of Euphorbia, 

 except that the glands of the involucre are united so as 

 to form a ring around the lobes. About 10 species, 

 chiefly in Trop. Afr. Prop, and treated similarly to the 

 succulent euphorbias. 



arborescens, Boiss. A shrub, up to 4 ft. high, the st. 

 unbranched: Ivs. obovate-cuneate, obscurely crenulate; 

 midrib keeled and often denticulate: bracts puberulent: 

 involucre yellow. S. Afr. B.M. 7184. 



Grantii, Hook. AFRICAN MILK BUSH. Fig. 3756. A 

 shrub 10 ft. or less high, branched: Ivs. obovate-spat- 



ulate, 3-4 in. long, obtuse; midrib rounded: cymes 

 dichotomous, with tomentose bracts and red involu- 

 cres. Trop. Afr. B.M. 5633. j. B. S. NORTON. 



SYNANDRA (Greek, together and anther, referring to 

 the connate anthers). Labiatae. Hardy fibrous-rooted 

 biennial herb, with the habit of Lamium, suitable for 

 border planting: calyx campanulate, inflated; corolla- 

 tube long, much expanded above and at the throat, the 

 upper lip slightly arched, entire, the lower spreading and 

 3-cleft, with ovate lobes, the middle one broadest and 

 notched; anthers approximate, in pairs under the upper 

 lip, the 2 upper each with 1 fertile and 1 smaller 

 sterile cell, the latter cells cohering together. One 

 species, N. Amer. S. hispidula, Brit. (S. grandiflbra, 

 Nutt.). Hairy biennial, 1-2 ft. high, lower Ivs. long- 

 petioled, broadly ovate, cordate, crenate, thin; the 

 floral Ivs. gradually reduced to bracts, each with a 

 single, sessile fl.: corolla 1-1% in. long, yellowish white. 

 Shady banks of streams, Ohio to 111., Tenn., and Va. 



SYNCARPIA (Greek, together and fruit, referring to 

 the head-like clusters of caps.). Myrtacese. Trees, one 

 of which is intro. into Calif.: Ivs. opposite, ovate, 

 evergreen: fls. gathered in globose heads: peduncles 

 1-headed, lateral axillary or paniculate at the ends of 

 the branches, rather small, white; calyx-tube adnate at 

 base of ovary, turbinate or campanulate, segms. 4, 

 rarely 5, persistent; petals 4, rarely 5; stamens many, 

 free; ovary inferior, 2-3-celled: caps, adnate to the 

 calyx and inclosed in it. Two species, Austral. 



glomulifera, Niedenzu (S. laurifblia, Ten.). TUR- 

 PENTINE TREE. Lvs. broadly ovate to elliptic-oblong, 

 obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 2-3 in. long, often appear- 

 ing as if in whorls of 4: fls. 6-10 in a head, with 2-4 

 bracts of variable size under the head; calices connate 

 at the base ; petals broadly ovate or orbicular, less than 

 2 lines long; ovary 3-loculed; ovules several to each 

 locule. According to Von Mueller's Select Extra- 

 tropical Plants, this tree attains a height of 200 ft., with 

 a trunk often 30 ft. in circumference; it is of quick 

 growth and well adapted for a shade tree. The wood is 

 very durable and almost fireproof and is valuable for 

 piles, railway sleepers, and shipbuilding. It takes a high 

 polish and is used for flooring and cabinetwork. Offered 

 in S. Calif. p. TRACT HUBBARD.! 



SYNDESMON (Greek, bound together, because the 

 plant unites characters of Thalictrum and Anemone). 

 Ranunculacese. RUE ANEMONE. Dainty perennial herb 

 grown in wild borders for its carpet of beautiful leaves 

 and attractive spring flowers. 



Glabrous, from a cluster of tuberous roots: basal Ivs. 

 2-3-ternately compound: involucre similar but sessile, 

 the Ifts. being stalked: fls. white or pink, in an umbel; 

 pedicels slender; sepals thin, 5-10, petal-like; petals 

 none; stigma sessile, truncate: achenes terete, deeply 

 grooved. A monotypic genus of E. N. Amer. Under 

 the International Rules, Anemonella is the tenable 

 name (Anemonella thalictroides). Syndesmon was used 

 earlier (1832 as against 1839), but in such a way as not 

 to constitute publication as defined by those Rules, 

 although it is tenable under the American Code. The 

 plant should have been treated under Anemonella in 

 this work. 



The plants should be grown in partial shade. The 

 soil should be moist and light or sandy. They should 

 be left undisturbed for years. They will then form a 

 carpet of great beauty. Propagation is by division of 

 roots in spring or fall, but such division greatly weakens 

 them and the plants for propagation should be taken 

 from the edges of the beds. 



thalictroides, Hoffmg. (Anemone thalictroides, Linn. 

 Thalictrum anemonoldes, Michx. Anemonella thalictroi- 

 des, Spach). Fig. 3757. Plant 3-6 in. high: Ivs. much 

 like those of thalictrum: fls. resembling those of Ane- 



