3322 



TERMINALIA 



winged in transverse section, lJ^-2 in. long, inde- 

 hiscent, greenish or reddish, glabrous, with a firm, 

 fleshy exocarp and a hard endocarp inclosing the oblong- 

 elliptical seed; testa membranous, the cotyledons 

 whitish, inrolled spirally. B.M. 3004. Indigenous to 

 beach forests of the Andaman Isl., but now cult, widely 

 throughout the tropics; Schimper points out that the 

 frs. are adapted for dispersal by ocean currents, the 

 thick husk containing air-cells enabling them to float 

 for a long time. The tropical almond (so-called, but not 

 related to the true almond) is extensively planted in S. 

 Fla., the W. Indies, Cent, and S. Amer., as a street and 

 ornamental tree. Its greatest disadvantage seems to be 

 that it is deciduous during the cold season (shedding 

 its Ivs. twice a year in Ceylon, according to Macmillan), 

 but the rich reddish hues assumed by the foliage before 

 falling make it very attractive. There are many fine 

 avenues planted to it throughout the tropics. The nut 

 seems to be much less esteemed in Amer. than in the 

 Orient. Firminger describes it as "of a fine filbert-like 

 flavor, with a crispness like that of a fresh walnut; 

 beyond comparison the most delicious of any kind of 

 nut the country (India) affords." He also states that 

 the kernels, when removed from the husk, are generally 

 served on the table in a plate of water. They yield a 

 valuable oil, resembling almond oil, which is used in 

 India. The tasar silkworm is fed on the Ivs., accord- 

 ing to Watt. In S. Fla. this is one of the most popular 

 ornamental trees for street and avenue planting. It is 

 not grown in Calif., and is probably too tender for most 

 locations in that state. Prop, seems to be exclusively 

 by seed. 



T. Arjiina, Bedd., a large tree indigenous to Cent, and S. India, 

 and cult, in other parts of the country, has recently been intro. to 

 the U. S. and is doing finely in S. Fla. The bark is sometimes used in 

 dyeing and tanning, according to Watt, and also in native medicine. 

 T. austrdlis, Cambess., Brazil and Argentina, has been intro. in 

 S. Calif.: described as a medium-sized and very rapid-growing 

 tree of symmetrical shape, suitable for street planting: Ivs. small 

 for the genus, lanceolate, acute or obtuse, shining above: fls. in 

 roundish congested long-peduncled heads: drupe glabrous, ovate- 

 lanceolate, beaked, with plicate margin. T. Betttrica, Roxbg., the 

 beleric myrobalan, a large tree found throughout the forests of 

 India, Burma, and other parts of S. Asia, yields a fr. which is 

 exported from India for use in tanning. The kernels are eaten in 

 India, but are said by Watt to cause intoxication if taken in excess. 

 T. BSnzog, Pers., properly T. angustifolia, Jacq., has recently 

 been intro. to S. Fla., and promises to succeed. It is a handsome 

 tree with narrow Ivs., indigenous to Malaya. Under the name of 

 T. edulis, Blanco, a plant has recently been intro. to the U. S. from 

 the Philippines which is probably T. Bellerica. It is doing well in 

 S. Fla. and promises to be an unusually handsome ornamental. 

 Barrett says of it "this magnificent large forest tree occurs, not 

 very commonly, in the provinces of Bataan and Cavite (Philip- 

 pines). In the rainy season abundant crops of cherry-like frs., 

 about 2-3 cm. in diam., are produced. Each fr. contains 1 seed 

 surrounded by sweet pulp somewhat resembling that of the duhat 

 (Eugenia jambolana) in flavor. The pulp with the addition of lemon 

 or some other acid juice makes a beautifully colored jelly." The 

 tree is known as "calompit" in the Philippines. 



F. W. POPENOE. 



TERNSTRCEMIA (named for Christopher Tern- 

 strcem, Swedish naturalist; died 1745). Ternstrcemi- 

 acese. Evergreen trees or shrubs, adapted to the warm- 

 house. Lvs. leathery, entire or serrate-crenate : pedun- 

 cles 1-fld., recurved, axillary or lateral, solitary or 

 somewhat fascicled, 2 bracteoles below the fl.: sepals 5; 

 petals 5; stamens numerous; ovary 2-3-celled (some- 

 tunes imperfectly so): fr. indehiscent. About 45 

 species, warmer Asia, Indian Archipelago and Trop. 

 Amer. 



japonica, Thunb. (Cleyera, japdnica, Thunb., not Sieb. 

 & Zucc. See Cleyera.). Small tree or shrub, 10-12 ft.: 

 Ivs. alternate, short-stalked, entire, obovate-oblong or 

 oblong, glabrous, feather- veined: fls. clustered: berries 

 about the size of peas. Japan. S.Z. 1:81. 



TESTUDINARIA (from testudo a tortoise, alluding 

 to the supposed resemblance to a tortoise of the above- 

 ground roots). Dioscoriacest >. The HOTTENTOT'S BREAD. 

 TORTOISE PLANT, or ELEPHANT'S FOOT. Perennial 

 plants bearing a slender twining vine from a large 



hemispherical rhizome or caudex which is above ground 

 and solid-fleshy or woody; sometimes grown in the 

 greenhouse as curiosities or for illustration to students 

 of botany, but not in common cultivation. 



Stems twining, slender, herbaceous: Ivs. alternate, 

 caudate or somewhat deltoid: fls. dioecious, small, 

 racemose at the axils; perianth of male fls. broad-cam- 

 panulate, 6-cleft, stamens 6, styles rudimentary; 

 perianth-segms. of female fls. small, staminodia small; 

 ovary ovoid or oblong, 3-ceLled: caps. 3-angled, angles 

 prominent, cuneate-wing-like. Three species from 

 S. Afr.; a fourth has been described from Mex. 



elepMntipes, Salisb. Rootstock studded with angu- 

 lar woody protuberances, sometimes 1-3 ft. diam. : sts. 

 slender, glabrous, much branched, twining, 8-10 ft. high: 

 Ivs. suborbicular, bright green or glaucous, mucronate: 

 fls. small, inconspicuous, the racemes greenish yel- 

 low or whitish. S. Afr. B.M. 1347 (as Tamus. B.R. 

 921. The globular yam-like bulb or rootstock some- 

 times weighs 100 pounds. The inner part of this "bulb" 

 has been compared to a turnip for texture and color. 

 The Hottentots used to cut it in pieces, bake it in the 

 embers and eat it. Old and grotesque bulbs haye been 

 brought from time to time from the Cape as curiosities. 

 The plant is of easy cult, in a cool greenhouse. No 

 method of prop, by the bulb is known. 



paniculate, Duemmer. Rootstock above ground, 

 about 3 in. high, irregularly oblong, woody, flattened 

 above, tessellately lobed, fuscous: sts. twining above, 

 rigid, glabrous, greenish: Ivs. 1-3 x 1H-4H in., broadly 

 reniform or shortly deltoid-subcordate, obsoletely 

 3-lobed, mucronate, petioled: panicles axillary, many- 

 fld., sparsely or much branched: fls. pedicelled, odorous, 

 rather greenish or pale yellowish. S. Afr. 



F. TRACY HUBBARD.! 



TETRACENTRON (Greek, four and spur, referring 

 to the 4 spur-like appendages of the fr.). Magnoliacese. 

 A deciduous tree from China with alternate petioled 

 ovate Ivs. palmately 5-7- veined, serrate, exstipulate: 

 fls. sessile, small, perfect, in slender pendulous racemes, 

 apetalous; sepals 4, ovate, imbricate; stamens 4, inserted 

 before the sepals, exserted; carpels 4, connate along the 

 ventral suture; styles 4, recurved; ovules pendulous, 

 several in each cell: fr. a 4-celled deeply lobed caps., 

 loculicidally dehiscent; seeds linear-oblong. Next to 

 Cercidiphyllum this is the tallest deciduous tree of 

 China, attaining occasionally to 100 ft., and 20 ft. 

 in girth. In its foliage it bears a strong resemblance to 

 Cercidiphyllum, though not closely related, but it is 

 easily distinguished by the alternate Ivs., solitary, not in 

 2's on the spurs. It has proved hardy at the Arnold 

 Arboretum, at least in sheltered positions, but does not 

 seem to grow so well as Cercidiphyllum, with which it 

 probably shares the same exigencies as to cult, and prop. 

 T. sinense, Oliver. Tall tree with smooth pale or 

 rufous gray bark: Ivs. slender-petioled, ovate or elliptic- 

 ovate, acuminate, cordate at the base, bluntly serrate, 

 3-5 in. long: racemes 2J^-4 in. long, short-stalked, 

 slender; fls. yellowish, minute; the exserted stamens 

 about 1 line long: caps, brown, K m - l n g- June, July. 

 Cent, and W. China. H.I. 19:1892. The tree needs 

 to be further tested in this country. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



TETRAD^ MIA (four together, from Greek words, 

 referring to the 4-fld. heads of one species). Composite. 

 A genus of low rigid shrubs of the composite family 

 native to the arid regions of W. N. Amer. Herbage 

 covered with dense matted wool: Ivs. alternate, often 

 modified into spines. The original species, T. canescens, 

 is the best known. Its heads have only 4 fls. They are 

 yellow and about J-^-^in. long. This plant was offered 

 in the E. in 1881 by western collectors but has no 

 horticultural standing and is now probably not in cult, 

 in Amer. There are about a half-dozen species, but not 

 known horticulturally. 



