THUJA 



grained, durable in the soil; it is much used for construc- 

 tion, cabinet-making, and in cooperage. T. occidentalis 

 contains a volatile oil, and thujin and is sometimes 

 used medicinally. 



The thujas are trees of narrow pyramidal habit, but 

 low and bushy in many of the numerous garden forms, 

 with much ramified branches, the branchlets arranged 

 frond-like, flattened and clothed with small scale-like 

 leaves; the fruit is a small strobile or cone not exceeding 



THUJA 



3335 



3795. Typical form of Thuja occidentalis. 



1 inch in length. The well-known T. occidentalis is 

 hardy North; and also T. Standishii, T. plicata, and 

 several forms of T. orientalis are hardy as far north as 

 Massachusetts. Thujas are favorites for formal gardens. 

 They are all of regular symmetrical habit. Their 

 numerous garden forms vary greatly in habit and in 

 color of foliage. For planting as single specimens in 

 parks they are mostly too stiff and formal, but they are 

 well suited for massing on borders of streams or lakes. 

 The most beautiful and the most rapidly growing 

 species is T. plicata. Thujas are well adapted for 

 hedges and windbreaks (see Gn.M. 2:15). They bear 

 pruning well and soon form a dense hedge. They thrive 

 best in somewhat moist, loamy soil and are easily trans- 

 planted. Propagation is by seeds sown in spring. The 

 varieties, especially those of T. occidentalis, are usually 

 propagated by cuttings taken late in summer and kept 

 during the winter in a cool greenhouse or frame; also 

 by grafting on seedling stock in summer or early in 

 spring in the greenhouse. The varieties of T. plicata 

 and T. orientalis are usually grafted, since they do not 

 grow readily from cuttings, except the juvenile forms 

 of the latter, as var. decussata and var. mddensis. Con- 

 sult Retinispora. 



A. Cones pendulous, with thin scales apiculate below 



the apex; seeds winged, compressed: branchlets 

 ramified more or less horizontally, with a distinct 

 upper and under side. 



B. Lvs. yellowish or bluish green beneath, glandular: lead- 



ing shoots compressed. 



occidentalis, Linn. COMMON ARBOR-VTTE. Errone- 

 ously but commonly called WHITE CEDAR (which is prop- 

 erly "Chamaecyparish Figs. 3795-3797. Tree, attaining 

 60 ft. and more, with short horizontal branches ascend- 

 ing at the end and forming a narrow pyramidal rather 

 compact head: Ivs. ovate, aeute, usually glandular, 

 bright green above, yellowish green beneath, changing 

 in winter usually to dull brownish green: cones oval to 

 oval-oblong, about %vn. long, brownish yellow with 



usually 2 pairs of fertile scales; seeds y&n. long. New 

 Bruns. to Man., south to N. C. and El. S S 10 '532 

 Gn.M. 4: 19. F.E. 25:495. Much used for telegraph 

 poles. A great number of garden forms, about 50, are 

 in cult. The best known are the 

 following: Var. alba, Nichols, 

 (var. dtto-splca, Beissn. Var. 

 Queen Victoria, Hort.). Tips of 

 young branchlets white. Var. 

 argentea, Carr. (var. dlbo-varie- 

 gata, Beissn.). Branchlets varie- 

 gated silvery white. Var. aurea, 

 Nichols. Broad bushy form, with 

 deep yellow foliage (F.E. 22: 

 797) ; also var. Burrowii, Douglas' 

 Golden and Meehan's Golden 

 are forms with yellow foliage. 

 See also var. lutea. Var. afireo- 

 variegata, Beissn. (var. aurea 

 maculata, Hort.). Foliage varie- 

 gated with golden yellow. Var. 

 Beteramsii, Schwerin. Copper- 

 colored, gradually changing to 

 green. Var. cfinica densa, Hort. 

 "Dense conical form." Var. 

 Columbia, Hort. "Strong habit; 

 foliage broad, with a beautiful 

 silvery variegation." Var. com- 

 pacta, Beissn. (var. Froebeli, 

 Hort. Var. globularis, Hort.). 

 Globose, light green form with rather thin branchlets. 

 Var. cristata, Carr. Irregular dwarf, pyramidal form 

 with stout, crowded, often recurved branchlets. Var. 

 Douglasii pyramidalis, Spaeth. Dense pyramidal form 

 with short densely branched fern-like branches often 

 cristate at the ends. Var. dumosa, Hort. (var. plicata 

 dumosa, Gord.). Dwarf and dense form of somewhat 

 irregular habit ; in foliage similar to var. plicata. G.M. 

 54:223. Var. EUwangeriana, Beissn. (var. Tom Thumb). 

 Fig. 3798. A low broad pyramid, with slender branches 

 clothed with two kinds of foliage, adult Ivs. and pri- 

 mordial, acicular spreading Ivs.; it is an intermediate 

 form between the var. ericoides and the type. R.H. 

 1869, p. 350; 1880, p. 93. Var. Ellwangeriana aftrea, 

 Spaeth. Like the preceding but with yellow foliage. 

 Var. ericoides, Beissn. & Hochst. (Retinispora dubia, 

 Carr. R. ericoides, Hort., not Zucc.). Fig. 3799. Dwarf, 

 globose or broadly pyramidal form, with slender branch- 

 lets clothed with needle-shaped soft spreading Ivs., 

 dull green above, grayish green beneath and assuming 

 a brownish tint in winter. R.H. 1880, pp. 93, 94. A 

 juvenile form. See, also, Retinispora. Var. globosa, 

 Beissn. (Var. compdcta globosa, Hort.). Dwarf globose 

 form, similar to var. compacta, but lower and smaller. 

 Var. fastigiata, Beissn. (var. pyramidalis, Hort. Var. 

 columnaris, Hort.) . Columnar form with short branches. 

 Var. filifdnnis, Beissn. (var. Douglasii, Rehd.). Bushy 



3796. Seedling of Thuja 

 occidentalis. (Xh) 



3797. The arbor-vitse. Thuja occidentalis. (Nearly full si*e) 



