3352 



TIPULARIA 



TOFIELDIA 



petals similar, spreading; labellum 3-lobed, produced 

 into a long spur behind; column erect, wingless or nar- 

 rowly winged. Two species, one Himalayan. 



discolor, Nutt. (T, unifblia, BSP.). CRANE-FLY 

 ORCHIS. Scape 15-20 in. high: If. ovate, 2-3 in. long, 

 appearing in autumn and often surviving through the 

 winter: raceme 5-10 in. long, loose: fls. green, tinged 

 with purple. July, Aug. Vt. and Mich, to Fla. and La. 

 B.B. 1:480. Rare. HEINRICH HASSELBRING. 



TITHONIA (of mythological derivation; Tithonus 

 was the favorite of Aurora). Compdsitse. Robust half- 

 hardy annuals sometimes shrubby at base: Ivs. alter- 

 nate, petioled, entire or 3-lobed: heads large, on a long 

 thickened peduncle, heterqgamous; ray-fls. neuter, 

 disk-fls. perfect and fertile; involucre hemispherical or 

 broadly campanulate; receptacle convex; corolla yellow, 

 ray-fls. ligulate, disk-fls. tubular, 5-toothed: achenes 

 somewhat pilose. About 10 species, Mex., Cent. Amer., 

 and W. Indies. 



diversifdlia, Gray (Mirasblia diversifblia, Hemsl.). 

 Large shrub with rather stout branches, glabrous or 

 nearly so: Ivs. petioled, membranaceous, glabrous or 



Euberulent, ovate or almost orbicular, entire or 3-5- 

 >bed, 9x6 in., crenate: heads orange, up to 6 in. diam., 

 terminal or lateral, usually in 3's, on short thickened 

 peduncles: achenes club-shaped. S. Mex. and Guate- 

 mala. 



speciosa, Hook. (Ldghia specibsa, DC. Helidnthus 

 specibsus, Hook.). Shrub with erect, terete st.: Ivs. 

 petioled, cordate, 3-lobed or entire, crenate: peduncle 

 with a single head, which is scarlet and about 3 in. 

 diam.: achenes obtusely 4-angled. Mex. B.M. 3295. 

 G.C. III. 57, suppl. Mar. 13. p. TRACY HUBBARD. 



TOCOCA (tococo is the native name of T. guianen- 

 si&). Including Sphserdgyne. Melastomaceae. Glabrous 

 or hispid-pilose shrubs, sometimes bearded with setse 

 at the axils, grown in the warmhouse for their foliage. 



Leaves petioled, large, membranaceous, rarely coria- 

 ceous, entire or denticulate, 5-nerved: fls. rather large, 

 arranged in terminal and sometimes also lateral pani- 

 cles, white or rose; calyx glabrous, pilose or hispid, 

 tube campanulate, terete or ribbed, limb obtusely 

 rarely acutely 5-6-lobed; petals 5-6, obovate or oblong; 

 stamens 10-12; ovary 3-5-celled: berry fleshy; seed 

 obovpid or pyramidal. About 50 species, natives of 

 Brazil, N. Venezuela, and Guiana. 



Tococa requires a warmhouse temperature, with 

 shady and fairly moist place. Use leaf -mold mixed with 

 fibrous loam, and provide ample drainage. It is best 

 propagated from what are called split joints, or eyes 

 with the leaf rolled up, and inserted in thumb-pots in 

 fine sand with chopped moss; then insert pot in sand or 

 cocoa fiber, with bottom heat of 75 to 80. Cover with 

 bell-glass or other inclosure to exclude air and to keep a 

 fairly moist (but not wet) condition. In about two 

 months the cuttings will have rooted. The wood for 

 propagating should be well ripened. (H. A. Siebrecht.) 



imperialis, Nichols. (SphserQgyne imperialis, Lin'd.). 

 St. simple or little branched, erect, robust: Ivs. opposite, 

 decussate, oval, with 5 longitudinal ribs running from 

 base to apex and many parallel transverse veins con- 

 necting them. Peru. I.H. 24:284. Native of Peru, 

 and intro. to Eu. by Linden in 1871. It is said to be 

 easily grown in a warmhouse. 



platyphylla, Benth. (Sphserdgyne latifblia, Naud.). 

 Short-stemmed plant with succulent somewhat tortu- 

 ous st: Ivs. broadly ovate, minutely denticulate-ciliate, 

 7-nerved: fls. rosy or red; ovary 5-loculed. Colombia, 

 Venezuela, Costa Rica. Cogniaux puts this species 

 in a section characterized by having the Ivs. desti- 

 tute of vesicles and the calyx not winged. In this sec- 

 tion it is unique by reason of its herbaceous branches 

 with long bristles, especially at the nodes; the other 



species of the section have shrubby and glabrous 

 branches. A very beautiful plant, but considered to be 

 difficult to grow. WILHELM MILLER. 



TODDALIA (Kaka Toddali, Malabar name of T. acu- 

 leata). Rutacese. Shrubs usually somewhat climbing or 

 sarmentose, unarmed or prickly, adapted to the warm- 

 house and hardy outdoors in the extreme S. Lvs. 

 alternate, 3-foliate; Ifts. sessile, lanceolate, leathery, 

 entire or crenate, pellucid-punctate: cymes or panicles 

 axillary and terminal: fls. rather small, unisexual by 

 abortion; calyx short, 2-5-toothed, -lobed, or -parted; 

 petals 2-5, imbricate or valvate; male fls., stamens 2, 4, 

 5, or 8, ovary rudimentary; female fls., ovary ovoid, 

 oblong or globose, 2-7- rarely 1-celled: fr. pea-like, hard, 

 coriaceous, globose, permanently syncarpous. About 

 20 species (including Vepris), natives to the Old-World 

 tropics and the Cape. In Toddalia proper the petals 

 are valvate, and the stamens as many as the petals; 

 in the subgenus Vepris the petals are imbricate and 

 the stamens twice as many as the petals. 



lanceolata, Lam. (Vepris lanceoldta, A. Juss.). Small 

 tree or large shrub, erect, without prickles, entirely 

 glabrous: petioles 1-2 in. long; Ifts. oblong-lanceolate, 

 2-3 in. long, acute, entire, waved at the edge, %-l in. 

 broad: panicles axillary and terminal, thyrsoid: petals 

 a line long, imbricate; stamens 8, in the male fls. 

 exserted: fr. the size of a pea, 4-lobed, fleshy, gland- 

 dotted. Mauritius, Mozambique, Cape. Intro, by 

 Reasoner Bros., 1891. WILHELM MILLER. 



TODEA (H. J. Tode, a German botanist, 1733-1797). 

 Osmundacese. GRAPE FERN. A group of ferns with fleshy 

 sporangia, as in Osmunda, but having these borne on the 

 backs of ordinary Ivs. The last three species, although 

 frequently united with Todea, more properly form a 

 distinct genus Leptopteris, differing widely in habit 

 from the original Todea; they form delicate foliage 

 plants resembling the filmy feras in habit. For cult., 

 see Ferns. 



A. Texture leathery: Ivs. bipinnate. 



barbara, Moore (T. qfricana, Willd.). St. short, 

 erect: Ivs. in a crown, 3-4 ft. long, 9-12 in. wide; pinnae 

 erect, spreading, sometimes 2 in. wide: sori closely 

 placed, often covering the whole under surface at 

 maturity. S. Afr. to New Zeal. G. 37:265. A very 

 resistant and useful fern. It deserves wider cult. 



AA. Texture thin: Ivs. with linear divisions. 



B. Lvs. tripinnatifid. 



hymenophylloides, Rich. & Less. (T. pellucida, Hook.). 

 Lvs. 1-2 ft. long, 8-12 in. wide, lowest pinnae about as 

 long as the others; rachises mostly naked. New Zeal. 

 superba, Col. St. erect, woody: Ivs. 2-4 ft. long, 

 pinnae often crisped, the lower gradually reduced; 

 rachises densely tomentose. New Zeal. 



BB. Lvs. bipinnate. 



Fraseri, Hook. & Grev. St. erect, woody, 18-24 in. 

 high: Ivs. 1-2 ft. long, lowest pinnae nearly as large as 

 the others; rachis narrowly winged, naked. Austral. 



L. M. UNDERWOOD. 



TOFIELDIA (named after Tofield, a Yorkshire 

 botanist). Liliacese. Perennial herbs, mostly hardy: 

 sts. erect, from a short or repent rhizome: Ivs. radical 

 or clustered at the base of the st., short-linear, some- 

 what distichous; cauline Ivs. few or none: fls. small, in a 

 terminal spike, subsessile or short-pedicelled; perianth 

 persistent, segms. oblong or narrow; stamens 6; ovary 

 sessile: caps. 3-lobed. About 25 species, mostly north 

 temperate and boreal regions but 1 or 2 in the Andes. 

 T. racembsa, BSP. (T. pubens, Michx. Tridntha race- 

 mbsa, Small). Sts. slender, 1-2 ft. high, minute glandu- 

 lar: Ivs. narrow-linear, 6-12 in. long: perianth rigid, 

 whitish, 2 lines long. Pine barrens, N. J. to Fla. and 

 Ala. B.M. 3859. Of no special horticultural value. 



