TOMATO 



with 3 or 4 inches of fresh horse-manure which has 

 been aerated in thin layers a few days before being 

 applied. The mulch should be applied after most of 

 the fruit has been set. If applied too soon, an excessive 

 vine growth and sparse setting of fruit may result. A 

 mulch of manure keeps the soil in a loose and friable 

 condition; it conserves moisture more perfectly than 

 the most thorough tillage; it furnishes plant-food every 

 time water is applied; it prevents weed growth and 

 saves labor in rendering tillage unnecessary. 



The temperature of the house at night should not 

 fall below 60. From 10 to 15 higher during the day 

 will provide excellent growing conditions. If there is 

 bright sunshine and the ventilators are open, there need 

 be no fear if the temperature should rise to 100. Some 

 fresh air should be admitted even- day, but good judg- 

 ment should be exercised in ventilating the houses. 

 Excessive watering must be avoided. High tempera- 

 tures, over-watering, and poor ventilation are respon- 

 sible for many failures. 



Some attention must be given to the pollination of 

 the flowers. Various methods are followed. Some care- 

 ful growers use a little camel's-hair brush on each 

 flower that is likely to contain ripe pollen-grains, and 

 the grains of pollen are thus carried from flower to 

 flower just as bees and other insects might perform this 

 work out-of-doors. Jarring the plants daily is usually 

 sufficient to get a good setting of the spring and early 

 summer crops. Whatever the method employed, the 

 work should be done, if possible, when there is bright 

 sunshine and the atmosphere of the house is as drv as 

 possible. 



Greenhouse tomatoes have certain enemies which 

 must be ^controlled if a satisfactory crop of fruit is 

 desired. Steam sterilization of the soil previous to set- 

 ting the plants is practicable in most large greenhouses. 

 This is by far the most effective means of destroying 

 the nematodes which cause an abnormal development 

 of the roots and interfere with the nutrition of the 

 plants. Steam sterilization also helps to prevent some 

 of the diseases to which the tomato is subject. Blight, 

 mold, and the Gedema are among the most serious dis- 

 eases. Frequent and thorough application of bordeaux 

 mixture is valuable in controlling various diseases. The 

 white-fly is the most destructive insect pest. It may 

 be controlled by fumigating with hydrocyanic gas. 



Some of the most successful growers are able to 

 obtain yields of ten pounds to the plant for the spring 

 crop. This, however, is considerably above the average 

 when the entire count ry is taken into account. Six 

 pounds to the plant, for the spring crop, is a good vield, 

 and four pounds for the winter crop is considered satis- 

 factory. An average of 10 cents a pound for the spring 

 crop makes it a profitable undertaking, and 30 cents a 

 pound is not too much for the winter crop. 



The greenhouse tomato should be of the highest 

 quality and special care should be exercised in market- 

 ing it. Small packages holding about five pounds are 

 preferable. The tomatoes should be clean and wrapped 

 in paper bearing the name of the grower. The grower 

 should be able to guarantee every specimen which is 

 packed in the number 1 grade. j^ L WATTS. 



TOMATO, HUSK: Physatos, Strawberry T.: PhysaKa AUx- 

 kengi and P. pubescens. Tree T. : CyphomanSro. 



TOMMASINIA: Angelica. The following species, 

 in the lists under Tommasinia, should be entered with 

 Angelica in Vol. I, p. 287. Angelica verticillaris, 

 Linn. (Tommasinia verticillaris, Bertpl. Peucedanum 

 fcrticillare, Koch). Advertised in this country as a 

 lawn plant. It is a hardy perennial, about 1 ft. tall, 

 with many small yellow-green fls.: Ivs. 3-pinnate, the 

 Ifts. ovate, acute-serrate and the lateral ones often 

 2-lobed and the terminal one 3-lobed, the petiole much 

 dilated at base. Piedmont region, S. Eu. 



TORENIA 



3359 



TOOLS: Machinery and Implement*, V6L IV, page 1939. 



TORENIA (named for Olaf Toren, clergyman; 

 traveled in China 1750-1752 and discovered T. asiatica). 

 Scrophulariacex. Glabrous, pubescent or hirsute annual 

 or perennial herbs, mostly low, branching and somewhat 

 decumbent, grown sometimes in the warmhouse for 

 winter bloom, but mostly grown as garden annuals. 



Leaves opposite, entire, crenate or serrate: racemes 

 short, few-fld., terminal or false-axillary; calyx tubular, 

 plicate or 3-5-winged, apex obliquely 3-5-toothed or 

 2-lipped; corolla-tube cylindrical or often broadened 

 above, 2-lipped; stamens 4, perfect, in pairs of unequal 

 length: caps, oblong. About 33 species, Trop. and E. 

 extra-Trpp. Asia and Trop. Afr. 



Torenias are of easy cultivation and are very useful 

 for window-boxes, low borders, or even for large masses. 

 The flowers are not large but the plants are floriferous 

 and keep in good leaf and flowers from spring to frost. 

 T. Fournieri has the best habit for a bedding plant, but 

 it mav be bordered 

 with T. flava. They 

 are easily raised from 

 seed, sown indoors or 

 in the open, but may 

 also be grown from 

 cuttings. 



In Florida Torenia 

 Fournieri is an excel- 

 lent substitute for 

 the pansy, which is 

 cultivated only with 

 difficulty so far south. 

 Young plants come up by the 

 hundreds around the old 

 plants from self-sown seed 

 during the rainy season. The 

 species can also be propa- 

 gated with great ease by 

 cuttings. The torenia shows 

 its full beauty when planted 

 in beds or borders or in 

 masses in front of small ever- 

 green shrubs. It flowers 

 abundantly throughout the 

 summer, and even late in fall 

 isolated flowers may be found. 

 The best results are obtained 

 by treating it as an annual. 

 Any good and rich light soil 

 seems to meet its require- 

 ments. It succeeds almost 

 everywhere but prefers shade 

 and moisture. It even grows 

 luxuriantly in wet places 

 along ditches and water-courses where forget-me-nots 

 grow in the North. If such localities, however, are very 

 shady, the flowers, though much larger, are neither pro- 

 duced so abundantly nor are they colored so brightly as 

 in sunny situations. On the other hand, it is sometimes 

 found in such dry positions, where only cacti and yuc- 

 cas manage to live, that one can scarcely understand 

 how it is able to succeed. In good soil the torenia 

 attains a height of 8 to 10 inches, and when planted 

 about 8 inches apart soon covers the ground entirely. 

 There is already a great variety in colors, but the typical 

 plant has beautiful light blue and royal purple flowers, 

 with a bright yellow throat, in texture rivaling the 

 most exquisite velvet. (H. Nehrling.) 



A. Fls. mainly yellow. 



flava, Buch.-Ham. (T. Baillonii, Godefr.). Usu- 

 ally decumbent and creeping: Ivs. 1-2 in. long, ovate to 

 oblong, coarsely crenate; petiole half as long as the 

 blade or less: fls. axillary and solitary or scattered at the 

 ends of the branches in pairs on an erect rachia; corolla- 



II 



3824. Torenia asiatica. 



