3378 



TRICYRTIS 



TRIFOLIUM 



BB. Plant stoloniferous. 



stolonifera, Matsum. Herbaceous, 2 ft. high, with a 

 stoloniferous base: st. reddish purple below, greenish 

 above, at first hairy, later glabrous: Ivs. elliptic-lanceo- 

 late, acuminate, narrowed to a sheathing base, 8x1% 

 in., glabrous above, with dark blotches and sunken 

 nerves: fls. purple, indistinctly blotched; perianth 

 yellow at base, segms. elliptic, acute, 1 in. long, 2-lo- 

 bately saccate at base. Formosa. B.M. 8560. 



AA. Base of Ivs. clasping the st. 

 B. St. pilose, with spreading hairs. 

 hirta, Hook. (T. japdnica, Miq.). Fig. 3841. St. 

 1-3 ft. high, everywhere clad with soft whitish spread- 

 ing hairs: fls. 6-15, racemose or subcorymbose, whitish, 

 the outer segms. covered with rather large purple 

 spots. Widespread in the woods of Japan. B.M. 5355. 

 Gn. 30, p. 431; 49:290. V. 12:204. Var. nigra, 

 Hort. (T. nigra, Hort.), has black instead of purple 

 spots. Gn. 49:290. A form with variegated Ivs. was 

 once offered in this country. 



BB. St. not prominently hairy, puberulent or very slightly 



pilose. 



c. Fls. yellow, unspotted. 



flava, Maxim. St. dwarf: Ivs. oblong-lanceolate: 

 fls. racemose, yellow, not spotted. Seen by Maximo- 

 wicz in the gardens of Yedo only. 



cc. Fls. spotted, not yellow. 



D. Spots rather large. 



pildsa, Wall. St. 2-4 ft. high, very slightly pilose: 

 Ivs. oblong: fls. numerous, loosely corymbose, whitish, 

 with large purple spots; style half as long as the stigmas. 

 Himalayas, 5,000-6,000 ft. B.M. 4955 (perianth-segms. 

 narrow, oblong). F.S. 12:1219. 



DD. Spots minute. 

 E. Style as long as the stigmas. 



latifdlia, Maxim. St. glabrous, flexuous, 2-3 ft. high: 

 Ivs. broadly oblong or the uppermost ovate: fls. few 

 in a terminal corymb, whitish, with minute purple 

 spots; style as long as the stigmas. Japan. 



EE. Style half as long as the stigmas. 

 macropoda, Miquel. St. 2-3 ft. high, puberulous 

 above: Ivs. oblong: fls. in a loose corymb, whitish pur- 

 ple, with minute purple spots; style half as long as the 

 stigmas. Blooms in June and July, according to J. B. 

 Keller. Japan, China. B.M. 6544 (segms. broadly 

 ovate, decidedly yellow, spotted red and veined red 

 near tips) . In F. S. 18 : 1820 is figured a plant with ses- 

 sile Ivs. striated with white, and no fls., which he refers 

 to T. macropoda. This was sent out by Van Houtte as 

 T. hirsuta, but it is a glabrous plant and probably lost 

 to cult. Var. striata, Hort., is offered in the trade as a 

 form with variegated green-and-white Ivs. 



3842. Trifolium repens. The white clover. 



T. grandiflAra, Hort., should be compared with T. hirta var. 

 nigra. It is a name scarcely known to botany. It is said to have 

 orchid-like fragrant fls. in Oct. and Nov. (Baker says the genus has 

 no fragrant fls.). Dutch growers say that T. grandiflora has white 

 fls. mottled with black. WlLHELM MlLLER. 



F. TRACY HuBBARD.f 



TRIDAX (an old Greek name used by Dioscorides, 

 meaning summer eating, alluding to a plant that was a 

 summer vegetable). Composite. Hardy perennial 

 herbs, possessing little beauty. Plants branched, hir- 

 sute or glabrescent: Ivs. opposite, incise-dentate or 

 pinnately cut, segms. few and narrow: heads medium- 

 sized, long-peduncled, heterogamous : ray-fls. yellow, 

 male disk-fls. greenish, fertile; involucre ovoid, cam- 

 panulate or rather hemispherical; bracts few-rowed, 

 slightly unequal: achenes turbinate. About 27 species, 

 Trop. Amer.; one species also occurs in India and 

 Mauritius. Two species have been cult, occasionally. 

 T. coronopifolia, Hemsl. About 1 ft. high: Ivs. vari- 

 ously pinnatifid or trifid, lobes linear: fls. yellow, rays 

 5-lobed. Mex. T. trilobata, Hemsl. (Galinsoga tn- 

 lobata, Cav.). About 1 ft. high: Ivs. 3-lobed or pin- 

 nately incised: fls. yellow; rays 5-toothed. Mex. 



T. gaittardioides, Hook. & Arn.=Layia gaillardioides. F.S.R, 2: 72. 



TRIENTALIS (Latin for the third of a foot; refer- 

 ring to the height of the plant). Primulaceae. STAR- 

 FLOWER. CHICKWEED-WINTERGREEN. Very glabrous 

 small perennials sometimes grown in wild borders. 



Rhizomes slender, creeping: st. solitary, slender, 

 erect: Ivs. usually the same number as the petals, 

 somewhat whorled, obovate-elliptical or lanceolate, 

 very entire: peduncles 1-3-fld., filiform, without bracts: 

 fls. white; calyx 5-9-parted, segms. linear-lanceolate, 

 persistent; corolla rotate, 5-9-parted; tube very short, 

 segms. elliptic-lanceolate, very entire; stamens 5-9; 

 ovary free, globose: caps, globose, 5-valved, many- 

 seeded. Two species, one in Eu., the other in N. Amer. 



A. Lvs. acuminate at both ends. 



americana, Pursh. St. naked below, 3-8 in. high, 

 5-9-lvd. at the summit: Ivs. lanceolate: divisions of the 

 white corolla finely acuminate. Damp woods, Lab. to Va. 



AA. Lvs. obtuse (acute in var. latifolia). 

 europafea, Linn. St. either naked or with a few scat- 

 tered Ivs. below the cluster of obovate or lanceolate 

 oblong, obtuse or abruptly somewhat pointed Ivs.: 

 divisions of the white or pink corolla abruptly acuminate 

 or mucronate. Alaska, Eu., and Asia. Var. arctica, 

 Ledeb. Dwarf: Ivs. 1 in. long, decreasing below: corolla 

 white. Var. latifdlia, Torr. St. naked below the clus- 

 ter of 4-7 oblong-obovate, or oval, mostly acute Ivs.: 

 corolla white to rose-red. Woods, W. Calif, to Van- 

 couver's Isl. By Pax & Knuth in Engler's Das Pflan- 

 zenreich, hft. 22, this plant is kept separate as T. lati- 

 folia, Hook., making 3 species in the genus. 



F. W. BARCLAY. 



TRIFOLIUM (name refers to the three leaflets). Le- 

 gumindsse. CLOVER. Low annual and perennial herbs, 

 useful for cover-crops, soil-enrichment, and also in lawn- 

 seed mixtures. 



Leaves digitately 3-, rarely 5-7-foliate; stipules 

 adnate to the base of the petiole: fls. usually purplish, 

 red or white, rarely yellow, in spikes, heads, or umbels, 

 or rarely solitary; calyx-teeth or lobes about equal 

 or the lower longer, the 2 upper sometimes more or 

 less connate; petals usually withering rather than fall- 

 ing off, more or less adnate to the base of the stamen- 

 tube; stamens 9 and 1; ovary small, ripening into a 

 few-seeded, mostly indehiscent pod. Between 200 and 

 300 species, most abundant in the N. Temp. zone. 

 The clovers are very important agricultural plants, 

 but they have little distinctly horticultural value except 

 as cover-crops and green-manures. See Clover, page 

 805, Vol. II. For the role of clovers as nitrogen-fixers, 

 see Legumes, page 1834, Vol. IV. The species described 



