TRIFOLIUM 



TRIGLOCHIN 



3379 



here are offered mostly as forage plants. Many clovers 

 are perennial, although they are of relatively short life, 

 so that frequent resowing is necessary if plants are to 

 be kept in robust condition. Some of the species are 

 annual, and these tend to become weeds. All are propa- 

 gated readily by means of seeds; but as the seeds are 

 small and oily, they may not germinate well in dry hot 

 soils. Three annual yellow-flowered species are weeds 

 in some parts, particularly in the East, where they have 

 been introduced from Europe: T. agrarium, Linn., yel- 

 low or hop-clover, with oblong-obovate sessile leaflets; 

 T. procumbens, Linn., low hop-clover, more spreading, 

 leaflets obovate and the terminal one stalked; T. 

 dubium, Sibth., with leaflets truncate or emarginate at 

 apex and the terminal one stalked. A silky-pubescent 

 white-flowered annual species from Europe, T. arvense 

 Linn., is the rabbit-foot clover of fields and waste 

 places. T. odoratum of seedsmen is evidently Melilotus. 

 Allied genera are Lespedeza, Medicago, and Melilotus. 



A. Fls. in a long spike. 



incarnatum, Linn. CRIMSON or SCARLET CLOVER. 

 Fig. 1C03, Vol. II. Annual, erect, 1-3 ft. high, soft- 

 hairy: Ivs. long-stalked, the Ifts. broadly obovate and 

 denticulate and sessile or nearly so by a cuneate base, 

 the stipules large and thin and veiny and somewhat 

 toothed: heads becoming 2-3 in. long, very dense: fls. 

 sessile, bright crimson and showy, the calyx sharp- 

 toothed and hairy. S. Eu. B.M. 328. An escape in 

 some places. Now much used as a cover-crop in 

 orchards. See Cover-Crops. It is very showy when in . 

 bloom. If seeds are sown at midsummer or later, the 

 plants may be expected to survive the winter and bloom 

 early in spring. 



rubens, Linn. Perennial, 20 in. or less tall, in clumps, 

 the sts. erect: Ivs. short-stalked, the Ifts. oblong- 

 lanceolate and strongly denticulate, the stipules long- 

 lanceolate: heads usually in pairs, becoming 34 in. 

 long: fls. purplish red, showy. Eu. Attractive orna- 

 mental species. The heads become silky after flowering. 

 There is a white-fld. form. 



AA. Fls. in globular or ovate heads. 

 B. Corolla yellow. 



filifdrme, Linn. YELLOW SUCKLING CLOVER. Annual, 

 of diffuse growth: Ifts. obovate or obcordate, somewhat 

 denticulate, the terminal one stalked, the stipules 

 broadly ovate: peduncles long and filiform, bearing 

 sessile yellow fls. in umbel-like heads, the calyx-lobes 

 unequal. Eu. Sometimes used for forage or grazing, 

 but little known in this country. 



BB. CoroUa white or ochroleucous (yellowish white). 



alexandrinum, Linn. EGYPTIAN CLOVER. BERSEEM. 

 Annual, with appressed hairs, the sts. tall, erect or 

 ascending and branching: Ivs. numerous, the Ifts. 

 oblong or lanceolate and somewhat denticulate, the 

 stipules lanceolate-subulate and partly free from the 

 petiole : head stalked or sessile, ovate, becoming oblong- 

 conic in fr. : fls. ochroleucous. Egypt, Syria. 



pannonicum, Jacq. HUNGARIAN CLOVER. Peren- 

 nial, very hairy, the sts. usually simple, 2 ft. : Ifts. lance- 

 oblong and subacute to retuse, cihate and entire, the 

 stipules narrow and longer than the short petioles: 

 heads ovate-oblong, stalked: fls. pale yellowish white or 

 creamy yellow. Eu., Asia. Handsome plant for the 

 border; also recommended for forage. 



repens, Linn. WHITE CLOVER. Fig. 3842. Low 

 creeping glabrous perennial: Ivs. long-stalked, the Ifts. 

 obcordate and obscurely toothed, the stipules small and 

 scale-like: heads long-peduncled from the ground, 

 small and loose: fls. white, fragrant. Eu. and thought 

 to be native in the northern part of the U. S. and in 

 Canada, but naturalized everywhere. Much used in 

 lawns, and in some parts prized for pasture. There are 



214 



forms with red and purplish foliage. This is considered 

 by most authorities to be the shamrock of Ireland. A 

 form of it is offered as T. minus, "the genuine Irish 

 shamrock." See Shamrock. Var. atropurpureum, Hort., 

 is a dwarf form: Ivs. bronze, edged with bright green. 

 Var. pentaphyllum, Hort., is a creeping rock-plant: Ivs. 

 have a bronze luster. Var. purpureum, Hort., has fine 

 bronzy purple foliage. The species assumes many 

 forms. 



BBB. Corolla rose-tinted or red. 



c. Individual fls. pedicetted. 



hybridum, Linn. ALSIKE or SWEDISH CLOVER. As- 

 cending or nearly erect, 1-3 ft. high, branching, gla- 

 brous: Ivs. long-stalked, the Ifts. obovate and serrulate, 



3843. Day and night positions of red clover leaf; unfolding 

 young leaf at the right. 



stipules ovate-lanceolate and thin: heads small and 

 loose, nearly globular, long-stalked: fls. rose-colored or 

 sometimes white on the top of the head. Eu. B.M. 

 3702. A good forage plant; also naturalized. Thrives 

 best on moist lands. Very hardy. Perennial. 



cc. Individual fls. sessile. 

 D. Plant perennial. 



pratense, Linn. (T. pratense perenna, Hort.). COM- 

 MON RED CLOVER. PEA-VINE CLOVER. COW-GRASS. 

 Fig. 3843. Ascending and somewhat hairy, 1-1 ^ ft.: 

 Ivs. long-stalked, the Ifts. oval or obovate and some- 

 tunes notched at the end and the blade marked with a 

 large spot, the stipules broad but with a bristle point: 

 heads globular, ovate, sessile: fls. red-purple. Eu., but 

 everywhere intro., and much grown for pasturage hay 

 and green-manuring. 



medium, Linn. MAMMOTH or ZIGZAG CLOVER. 

 Stouter and less erect: Ifts. oblong and entire and with- 

 out spots: heads usually stalked, and fls. rather deeper 

 colored. Eu., and intro., and much grown by farmers 

 for hay and forage. 



DD. Plant annual. 



resupinatum, Linn. (T. suaveolens, Willd.). Annual, 

 diffuse or trailing glabrous plant: Ifts. obovate and ser- 

 rulate and as long as the petiole, the stipules lanceolate- 

 acuminate : heads globose, with rudimentary involucre : 

 fls. purple. Greece, Egypt to Persia. Grown for orna- 

 ment. L. H. B. 



TRIGLOCHIN (Greek, referring to the 3-pointed 

 fruit of some of the species). Alismaceae', or by Buchenau 

 in Engler's Das Pflanzenreich, hft. 16 (IV. 14), 1903, 

 placed in the Scheuchzeriacese. Thirteen species of 

 linear-lvd. marsh plants of little value to the cultivator, 

 although 1 species is listed abroad for planting in bogs 

 or wet places. Perennial, erect: Ivs. rush-like, more or 

 less fleshy, sheathing at base: fls. small, spicate-race- 

 mose, on a long jointless naked scape, greenish; perianth 

 of 3-6 parts; stamens 3^-6; ovaries 3-6, united. T. 

 maritima, Linn., the species mentioned, is widely dis- 

 tributed in the northern hemisphere along seashores 

 and also in interiors: scape to 2^4 ft. tall: Ivs. thick: 

 fr. ovoid or prismatic, pedicelled, in a long open 

 racemose spike. The plant has a grass-like appearance 

 and inconspicuous bloom. 



