3380 



TRIGONELLA 



TRILLIUM 



TRIGCNlSLLA (Latin, a little triangle; probably re- 

 ferring to the shape of the fls.) . Legumindsae. Annual or 

 perennial herbs, usually strong-smelling: lys. pinnately 

 3-foliate; Ifts. with the veins often running out into 

 teeth; stipules adnate to the petiole: fls. yellow, blue, or 

 white, solitary, capitate, somewhat umbellate or shortly 

 and densely racemose, sessile or peduncled at the 

 axils; calyx tubular; petals free from the stamens, 

 standard obovate or oblong; wings oblong, keel shorter 

 than the wings, obtuse; stamens 9 and 1; ovary sessile 

 or short-stipitate, many-ovuled: pod sometimes thick 

 and long-beaked, sometimes linear, compressed or 

 terete. About 58 species, 1 from Austral., the others 

 from Eu., Asia, and extra-Trop. Afr. 



Fofenum-Graecum, Linn. FENUGREEK, which see. 

 White-fld. annual, 1-2 ft. high, blooming in June and 

 Aug. Distinguished from other species in its section 

 by the erect unbranched st. and obovate Ifts., which are 

 obscurely dentate; stipules lanceolate-falcate, entire: 

 calyx pilose: pods falcate, twice as long as the beak. 

 Eu., Orient. p. TRACT HUBBARD.! 



TRIGONfDIUM (Greek, three and small angle, 

 alluding to the triangular form of several parts of the 

 plant). Orchidacese. Epiphytic herbs, grown in the 

 warmhouse. 



Stems very short, soon thickened into fleshy 1-2- 

 Ivd. pseudobulbs: Ivs. leathery, not folded, linear or 

 oblong: scape from below the pseudobulb or from a 

 simple rhizome, many-sheathed, 1-fld. : fls. rather large, 

 short-pedicelled, between spathe-like bracts; sepals 

 about equal, connivent or coherent into a 3-angled tube 

 at base; petals much smaller than sepals; lip erect, 

 lateral lobes clasping the column, midlobe spreading, 

 fleshy or callous at base; column without wings and 

 footless; pollinia 4. About 10 species, Trop. Cent, 

 and S. Amer. 



spatulatum, Lind. & Reichb. f. Pseudobulb ovate, 

 2-edged: If. broadly ligulate, 8 in. long: fl. terminal; 

 dorsal sepal ovate from a ligulate base, acute, lateral 

 sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, all yellowish purple; 

 petals lanceolate, with a fleshy disk below the apex; lip 

 narrow, angulately 3-lobed, midlobe transversely 

 semi-ovate, rather acute. Colombia. 



subrepens, Rolfe. Rhizome subrepent, stout: pseu- 

 dobulbs rather distant, oblong, somewhat compressed, 

 obscurely 3-ribbed, about 1 in. long, 1-lvd.: If. ligulate, 

 rather obtuse, fr-7 by about Hin., rather leathery: scape 

 6-7 in. high, with numerous lanceolate sheaths; dorsal 

 sepal rhomboid-oblanceolate, about 1 in. long, lateral 

 suboblique, broad-elliptic, all greenish yellow; petals 

 whitish with 3 brown lines, narrowly elliptic-oblong; 

 lip greenish yellow, with brown radiating veins on the 

 side lobes, 3-lobed, short, midlobe oblong. Habitat 

 unknown. 



The following species are sometimes found in cult. : T. acumi- 

 natum, Batem. Pseudobulbs ovate, acute, sulcate: If. linear: fl. 

 dull straw-color, penciled with rich [brown inside; sepals acuminate 

 recurved at apex; petals oval-lanceolate. British Guiana. T. 

 Egertoni&num, Batem. Pseudobulbs clustered, oval, compressed, 

 2-lvd. : Ivs. narrow ensiform, often \}/i ft. long: fl. pale liver-color, 

 dashed and veined with brown; sepals acute, the lateral ones 

 reflexed; petals slightly acute. Honduras. T. latifdlium, Lindl. Lvs. 

 obovate-oblong, 6x2 in.: fls. yellow and purple; lip with a fleshy 

 yellow front lobe and narrow purplish side ones. T. obtusum, Lindl. 

 Pseudobulb oblong or elongate obovoid, 2-lvd., compressed: Ivs. 

 linear-lanceolate: fl. terminal; sepals reddish yellow, obovate; petals 

 white, veined with rose, brown at the apex, obtuse; lip white, dor- 

 sally tubercled, lateral lobes red-margined, midlobe yellow in front. 

 British Guiana. B.R. 1923. T. tSnue, Lodd. Pseudobulbs oval, 

 compressed, 1-lvd.: If. ensiform, very acute: fl. brownish purple; 

 sepals reflexed, very acuminate; lip obtuse, glabrous, reflexed at 



apex. British Guiana. 



F. TRACY HUBBARD. 



TRILISA (anagram of Liatris). Compdsitse. Autumn- 

 blooming plants 2 to 3 feet high, with numerous small, 

 purple or white, rayless flower-heads. 



Closely related to Liatris, from which it differs in 

 the fibrous roots (those of Liatris being tuberous) : the 



infl. panicled instead of racemose or spicate, and the 

 involucral bracts in only 2 or 3 series, while those of 

 Liatris are in many series. Two species. Trilisa is not 

 so well known to gardens as the liatris. Although a 

 native of the low pine barrens from Va. to Fla. and 

 La., it is hardy at N. Y., along the coast. It is mentioned 

 in some English books as a hardy plant, thriving in 

 light soil and prop, by division or by seeds sown in 

 autumn. It is more fully described in the native 

 botanies. 



odoratissima, Cass. (Lialris odoratissima, Michx.). 

 VANILLA -PLANT. Also called Carolina vanilla, dog's- 

 tongue, etc. Rather stout, glabrous, perennial herb, 

 2-3 ft. high, corymbosely branched above: Ivs. thick, 

 entire or sometimes dentate, obtuse, 4-10 x 1-1 Yi in., 

 oblong, ovate or oval, sometimes spatulate: infl. corym- 

 bose-paniculate: fl.-heads about J^in. long. Aug., Sept. 

 B.B. 3:319. The other species (T. paniculata, Cass.) 

 has a similar range and is distinguished by its viscid- 

 pubescent st. and thyrsoid-paniculate infl. 



WILHELM MILLER. 



TRILLIUM (Latin, triplum, triple: leaves and floral 

 parts in threes). Liliacese. WAKE-ROBIN. BIRTHROOT. 

 WHITE WOOD LILY. GROUND LILY. Interesting and 

 handsome perennial herbs, hardy and very useful for 

 spring-flowering in the wild border or rockery or even 

 in the garden border. 



Rhizome short, thick, as- 

 cending or horizontal; sts. 

 simple, erect, sheathed at base : 

 Ivs. 3, whorled at the top of 

 the st., broad, subsessile or 

 long-petioled, 3-5-nerved: fls. 

 1, between the Ivs., sessile or 

 pedicellate, erect, cernuous or 

 reflexed, violet, lurid, white or 

 greenish; perianth persistent, 

 segms. distinct, spreading, 3 

 exterior thin herbaceous, green 

 or rarely colored, 3 inner petal- 

 like usually larger, spreading 

 sometimes recurved; stamens 

 6; ovary with a broad base, 

 sessile, ovoid or subglobose, 3- 

 celled: berry globose or ovoid, 

 usually 3-ribbed, indehiscent. 



About 30 species, N. Amer. and extra-Trop. Asia 

 from the Himalayas to Japan. 



Trilliums are amongst the characteristic flowers of 

 American woods. The best-known species is T. grandi- 

 florum, which ranges from Canada to the mountains of 

 North Carolina and extends westward beyond the 

 Great Lakes. All trilliums delight in moist rich soil. 

 They thrive in woods mold. The root is a deep-seated 

 mostly perpendicular rhizome (Fig. 3844). It is cus- 

 tomary to transplant trilliums from the woods when in 

 bloom. This is because the plants can be found readily 

 at that time and because the desire to grow them is 

 strongest when the plants are in flower. It is better to 

 transplant in midsummer, or later, however, when the 

 growth is completed, although the plants are difficult to 

 find after the tops have died. The bloom is made largely 

 from the energy stored in the tuber the previous season. 

 After flowering, the plant stores energy for the succeed- 

 ing year. By midsummer this work is accomplished 

 and thejtops die: then the plants are at rest and they 

 are in proper condition to be moved. However, good 

 results are sometimes secured by moving them in 

 spring. These remarks will apply to most early spring- 

 blooming small herbs. Give trilliums a rich deep 

 rather moist soil in partial shade. Plant deep. A 

 colony will last for years. Trilliums force well. See 

 Forcing. Plants may be propagated by seeds sown as 

 soon as ripe. Blooming plants may be expected in two 

 or three years. Trilliums are among the choicest of all 



3844. Vertical rhizome of 

 trillium. 



