TROLLIUS 



TROLLIUS 



3387 



TROLLIUS (old German, trol, something round; 

 trollblume, in allusion to the shape of the flowers). 

 Ranunculaceae. GLOBE-FLOWER. A group of neat 

 hardy herbaceous perennials of a dozen or more 

 species, mostly found in moist or marshy places of the 

 North Temperate zone; useful in garden borders. 



Roots fibrous, thickened: Ivs. palmately divided or 

 lobed: fls. large, solitary, whitish, yellow, golden 

 yellow, or purplish, those in cult, usually yeUow- or 

 orange-fid.; petals 5 to many, small, unguiculate, with 

 a nectariferous pit at the base of the blade; sepals 5-15, 

 large, usually constituting the showy part of the fl.; 

 stamens many; carpels 5 to many, sessile, many-ovuled: 

 follicles in a head. Very like Ranunculus in general 

 appearance, but distinguished at once by bearing fol- 

 licles rather than achenes. For monograph, see Huth, 

 in Helios ix. (Berlin), 1892; and for the Eastern Asian 

 species, Finet & Gagnepain, Contrib. Fl. As. Or. 1: 

 136-139; also in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51:393-396 

 (1904). 



Trolliuses are grown for the beauty of their globular 

 flowers and show of dark green leaves. They are suited 

 to wet sunken gardens, wild borders, and edges of water- 

 gardens, although in a good garden soil not lacking in 

 moisture they do well. They may be increased either 

 by seeds or by dividing the old plants; but the young 

 plants grow slowly at first, and will not flower before 

 the second season from seed. The usual globe-flower of 

 the horticulturist is T. europaeus, with incurving sepals 

 so that the flower has a ball-like appearance; in most of 

 the species the sepals spread nearly or quite hori- 

 zontally. They bloom in spring and early summer. 



acaulis, 12. 

 albiflorus, 11. 

 altaicus, 4. 

 americanus, 11. 

 asiaticus, 2. 

 caucasicus, 4, 9. 

 chinensis, 6. 



INDEX. 



dschungaricus, 3. 

 europaeus, 1. 

 genuina, 8. 

 giganteus, 2. 

 glebosus, 1. 

 japonicus, 7. 

 laxus, 8, 11. 



Ledebouri, 5, 8. 

 Loddigesii, 1. 

 napelliformis, 1. 

 patulus, 8. 

 pumilus, 8, 9, 10. 

 sinensis, 6. 

 yunnanensis, 8, 10. 



A. Number of sepals exceeding 10 (15-2O). 

 B. Sepals incurved, forming a globe-shaped fl. 



1. europaeus. Linn. (T. globosus, Lam.). Fig. 3853. 

 Sts. erect, 15 in. or more high, often branching: lower 

 Ivs. petioled, others sessile; Ifts. only 5-parted, lobed, 

 cleft, and toothed, those of the root-lvs. on short 

 petioles: fls. of a lemon-yellow color, solitary or in 2's, 

 1-2 in. across, globular in form; sepals 10-15, ovate; 

 petals spatulate, often longer than the stamens: fr. 

 much as in T. laxus. Wet upland meadows of N. Eu. 

 May-July. Gn. 40:102; 71, p. 310. G. 19:609. G.W. 

 15, p. 129. J.H. III. 51:594; 54 : 555. Different forms 

 are offered or sometimes listed. Var. Loddigesii, Hort., 

 has deep yellow fls. 



Var. napelliformis, Huth (T. napelliformis, Roep.). 

 St. many-fld. and Ivs. deeply divided. 



BB. Sepals spreading, making an open fl. 

 c. Petals longer than the stamens. 



2. asiaticus, Linn. Plant much like T. europaeus, 

 often taller, the smaller bronze-green Ivs. more finely 

 lobed and cleft: fls. a rich orange-color with sepals 

 spreading. May. Siberia. B.M. 235. The blossoms 

 of this are well suited for cut-fl. purposes. The plants 

 thrive best and produce richest colors if partially 

 exposed to the sun. T. giganteus, found in garden lists, 

 is a very tall form of this species. 



cc. Petals shorter than the stamens or not exceeding them. 



3. dschungaricus, Regel. Much like T. europaeus. 

 but fls. open or spreading, golden yellow within ana 

 reddish outside; sepals about 15, rounded and mucro- 

 nate; style subulate and straight. Turkestan. Men- 

 tioned in foreign lists. 



4. altaicus, C. A. Mey. (T. caucasicus var. altaicus 

 Fin. & Gagn.). Plant 1-2 ft., with foliage much like 

 that of T. europseus: fls. large (2 in. across), yellow or 

 pale orange, with 15-20 broad and obtuse sepals (per- 

 haps sometimes as few as 10); petals 5-15, narrowly 

 linear and obtuse. Altai region, Siberia. Gt. 6:66. 

 Little known in the trade. 



AA. Number of sepals 5-10, spreading. 

 B. Petals one-third or one-half longer than the stamens. 



5. Ledebouri, Reichb. f. Plant about 2 ft., with Ivs. 

 divided to the base and the divisions lobed and toothed: 

 fls. yellow, with 5 spreading veined ovate sepals; petals 

 10-12, narrowly linear, not prominent but surpassing 

 the stamens. Siberia. Listed, but apparently little 

 known horticulturally. 



6. chinensis, Bunge (T. sinensis, Hort.?). Long 

 regarded as a form of T. asiaticus, but now separated: 

 stout striate glabrous herb: radical Ivs. obsolete; lower 

 st.-lvs. reniform and the upper orbicular-reniform, 

 sometimes 7 in. across, palmately 5-parted, th'e segms. 

 broad-oblanceolate: sepals 12 or 13, the outer ones 

 broad-ovate and obtuse, the inner ones rather longer 

 and narrower; petals 20, linear, over 1 in. long, exceed- 

 ing the glabrous stamens. N. China. B.M. 8565. 



3853. Trollius europseus (X J). 



In English gardens this species is said to thrive well 

 and to seed freely when grown in the bog-garden or 

 beside water. 



7. japonicus, Miq. St. low (4-8 in. high), scape-like 

 and 1-fld., the Ivs. being radical and involucrate: fl. 

 yellow, with 5 or 6 sepals which are 1 in. or less long. 

 Japan. Sometimes combined with T. chinensis; ap- 

 parently closely allied to T. laxus. Franchet & Savatier, 

 in Flora of Japan, maintain the species as distinct. 



BB. Petals about equaling the stamens in length (or some- 

 what shorter in No. 10 var.}, and shorter than the 

 sepals. 



8. patulus, Salisb. Low, 1 ft. or less high: radical Ivs. 

 palmately dissected, the segms. incised-dentate: fl. 

 golden yellow; sepals usually 5, sometimes 6 or 7, ovate 

 and spreading; petals and stamens nearly equal, the 

 former 1-5; style erect and about equaling the ovary. 

 Caucasia to Persia. Finet & Gagnepain define this 

 species very broadly, to include others. They make var. 



