TULIP 



TULIPA 



3393 



3862. A garden tulip. ( X 



TULIP: Tulipa. T., Butterfly: Calochortus. T., Cape: species 

 of Hsemanthus. T. Poppy: Hunnemannia. T. Tree: Liriodendron; 

 also Hibiscus (or Paritium) elatus. 



TULIPA (originally from Persian toliban, turban; 

 which the inverted flower resembles). Liliacese. TTJLIP. 

 Popular spring-flowering hardy bulbs, and much used 

 for forcing; of easy culture. 



Low plants, the fls. mostly single (sometimes 2-5) 

 on a scape or scape-like peduncle that arises directly 

 from the bulb and is 30 

 in. or less high: bulb 

 tunicated, the outer 

 tunic often hairy or 

 woolly on the inner face : 

 Ivs. linear or broad: fls. 

 erect, rarely nodding, 

 showy; perianth decidu- 

 ous, campanulate or 

 slightly funnel-shaped; 

 segms. distinct, often 

 spotted or blotched at 

 base, without pitted 

 nectaries; stamens 6, hy- 

 pogynous, shorter than 

 perianth - segms. ; fila- 

 ments longer or shorter 

 than anthers, attenuate 

 or filiform; anthers de- 

 hiscing lateral! y; ovary 

 sometimes narrowed at 

 collar, rarely into a dis- 

 tinct style; stigmas 

 adnate : seeds numerous, flat. Differs from Fritillaria in 

 the absence of nectariferous pits and usually erect (never 

 pendulous) fls., and from Erythronium in its erect 

 broader perianth-segms., erect fls., and usually 1-fld. 

 sts. Native of Siberia, Turkey, Asia Minor, China, 

 Japan, and Medit. countries of Eu.; the species are 

 particularly abundant in Cent. Asia, in the Bokhara 

 region. The genus includes probably 100 species as 

 usually defined but perhaps reducible to much fewer; 

 the number in cult., outside the collections of special- 

 ists and botanic gardens, is very few. For litera- 

 ture, see J. G. Baker, Journal Linnean Society xiv. 

 (1875), 275-96; also in Gardeners' Chronicle, for 1883 

 (vols. 19 and 20); Levier, "Les Tulipes de 1'Europe," 

 1885; Solms-Laubach on the history of the garden 

 tulips (see his "Weizen und Tulpe, und deren Ge- 

 schichte," Leipzig, 1899); Burbridge, The Garden, 

 Sept. 22, 1900. 



Tulips are flowers of rich and brilliant colors, and of 

 good "substance." The tulip is the most showy of 

 spring flowers, and the habit and shape of the plant 

 are so formal and definite that it is adapted to the 

 vicinity of buildings, walks, and to parterres. They 

 are also charming subjects for "spotting in" singly and 

 in little clumps among shrubbery and along well- 

 planted borders. 



The range of season is great, from the early Due 

 Van Thols to the Cottage and late Darwins, covering 

 nearly two months. By a judicious selection of seasons 

 and colors, the amateur may have a most satisfactory 

 successional display, one kind blending into the other. 

 The catalogues of plantsmen and seedsmen usually 

 contain reliable lists of varieties for the different 

 seasons. They are dwarf, from about a foot high in 

 the early races, to very tall, as much as 2 and 3 feet 

 in some of the Darwins and other month-later races. 

 There are double tulips of good form and many colors; 

 also the Parrot tulips with curiously enlarged and cut 

 or frayed petals and odd color-markings. The grace- 

 ful chalice-lines of the single tulips are lost in the 

 double and semi-double forms; the doubles, however, 

 make striking mass displays; they are usually some- 

 what later-blooming than the singles of the same 

 class. 



The form of the chalice or perianth-cup, the sub- 

 stance of the flower, the shape of the segments, and 

 the color, are marked features in the tulips of the 

 different classes and seasons. The usually cultivated 

 tulips have very broad flower -segments, obtuse or 

 abruptly narrowed and short-pointed, as in Fig. 3862. 

 In the wild, however, are many forms with long-nar- 

 rowed segments, as shown in Fig. 3863 (adapted from 

 Gardeners' Chronicle), and these may be seen some- 

 times in the gardens of amateurs; they are very inter- 

 esting and often showy. It appears that in earlier times 

 the sharp-pointed flower-parts were desired. Other 

 tulip forms are represented in Figs. 3864 and 3865, as 

 well as in the succeeding pictures accompanying this 

 article. 



The colors of tulips cover a wide range except that 

 there are no real blues. There are clear whites, yellows 

 and orange, crimsons and reds, violets and purples, 

 and many vari-colored types. The tulips known 

 as "breeders" are self-colored kinds; that is, the 

 flowers are of solid colors, usually in dull and neutral 

 shades of red and yellow with tints of bronze, buff, 

 and brown. The reason for the name is this: When 

 tulips are grown from seeds, the flowers at first are 

 usually self-colored; the same bulbs when grown for a 

 few years tend "to break" into mixed colors, particu- 

 larly into feathered markings: the self-colored state is a 

 breeding-stage for other kinds. When the bulbs are 

 multiplied asexually (as explained farther on), they 

 reproduce the stage in which they then are; if propa- 

 gated in the "breeder" stage, they give self-colored 

 flow r ers; if in the "broken" stage, they give parti-col- 

 ored flowers. These stages are longer or shorter in dif- 

 ferent lots of seedlings, and are not definite epochs. The 

 "broken" tulips are of many kinds. Those with white 

 ground or under-color and lilac or purple markings are 

 "bybloemen" or "bybloems," and those with yellow 

 ground-color and red to brown over-color are "bizarres." 

 The terms "bybloem" and "bizarre" are also sometimes 

 applied to selfs, or breeders, when the colors are pre- 

 vailingly lilac or purple in the one case or prevailingly 

 yellow in the other. Selected strains of breeder tulips, 

 with very large bloom, long stems, and "art colors" 

 are now popular. The so-called "rectified" tulips are 

 broken breeders with solid 

 colors in stripes, flames, 

 plumes, and patches; they 

 are bybloemen and bizarres. 

 It is said that the "break- 

 ing" is facilitated by certain 



There are many classes of 

 tulips. We might distinguish 

 three roughly: (1) The early 

 single tulips of the Due Van 

 Thol kind, of small stature, 

 excellent for first bloom and 

 for early bedding, being out 

 of the way for other bedding 

 plants; they lack the size of 

 bloom and the "substance" 

 of later kinds. There are also 

 later-flowering single tulips of 

 the early class. (2) Later- 

 flowering or Cottage tulips, 

 comprising the main-season 

 kinds that have been pre- 

 served by cottagers in the 

 old countries since the col- 

 lapse of the tulipomania of 

 Holland. (3) The Darwins 

 are stately plants, mostly 

 selfs or "breeders," closing the 

 tulip season, with very rich 



3863. A tulip with acuminate and deep colors in crimsons, 

 flower parts. reds and purples; there are 



