TULIPA 



TURNIP 



3403 



Greece, Syria, Palestine, and Persia. Very closely 

 allied to last, and figured as such in B.R. 204, 1143, 

 1419; differs, according to Baker, "by its more robust 

 habit of growth, earlier flowering, and ovate more 

 imbricated perianth-segms., with a less clearly marked 

 basal blotch." One of the oldest known species. 



T. fldta, Hort, is "often confused -with vitellina in gardens, 

 though perfectly distinct. Flava is yellow, very robust, tall, and 

 at least a fortnight later in blooming. Vitellina is almost white 

 when old." Imperfectly known. T. Fosteriana, Hort. Fls. very 

 large, rich intense glowing crimson with a darker blotch at the base 

 of the segms. : Ivs. very broad, many-nerved: of robust habit and 

 easily grown. Bokhara. G.C. III. 39:323. T. galatica, ^reyn. 

 Tunics silvery hirsute within: st. glabrous: Ivs. linear-lanceolate, 

 acuminate: fls. yellow; outer segms. elliptic to oblong-elliptic; 

 inner segms. spatulate, rounded. Asia Minor. T. lanata, Regel. 

 Dwarf: fls. large, goblet-shaped, rich vermilion, with a large black 

 spot at the base of each of the segms. Bokhara. T. Leichtlinii, 

 RegeL Bulb-tunics glabrous inside: height 9-18 in.: st. glabrous: 

 lower Ivs. lanceolate-linear: fl. erect; perianth between campanu- 

 late and funnelform; outer segms. narrow and acute, the outer 

 bright purple with broad white margin, the inner much shorter 

 and obtuse at apex and yellowish white. Kashmir. Gn. 40:174. 



ARNOLD V. STUBENRAUCH. 



L. H. B.f 



TUMBOA (native name). Gnetacex. Applying 

 strictly the rules of priority, T. Bainesii, Hook, f., 

 becomes the name of the strange plant long known as 

 Welwitschia mirabilis; in this work, the description is 

 given under the latter name. 



TUNG SHU: Aleurites Fardii. 



TUNICA (Latin, a tunic or coat, from the imbricated 

 involucre). CaryophyUacese. Annual or perennial hardy 

 herbs, usually slender but stiff garden plants, with the 

 habit of Gypsophila but botanically more nearly allied 

 to Dianthus; sometimes grown in flower-gardens. 



Leaves narrow: fls. as in Dianthus, but smaller, 

 gathered in cymose panicles or heads; calyx turbinate or 

 elongate-tubular, obtusely 5-toothed, 5-15-nerved; 

 petals 5, claw elongate, blade retuse or emarginately 2- 

 cleft; stamens 10; ovary 1-celled: caps, ovoid or oblong, 

 dehiscent by 4 valves. About 20 species, S. Eu. and E. 

 Asia. Prop, by seeds or division. 



Saxifraga, Scop. Apparently the only species in cult. 

 A tufted spreading hardy plant suitable for rockwork 

 and blooming in summer and fall. It is a wiry-stemmed 

 perennial, growing 6-10 in. high: fls. small, with rosy 

 white, lilac or pale purple notched petals. G. 34:211. 

 Has become adventiye in some parts of the E. Var. 

 alba, Hort., is a white-fld. form. Var. albo pleno, 

 Hort., is a double white-fld. form. Var. flore-pleno, 

 Hort. (T. Saxifraga var. plena, Hort.), has semi-double 

 fls. about H m - across and deeper pink than the type. 



F. TRACY HrBBARDf. 



TUP A (Peruvian name of the plants). Campanvla- 

 cese. Tall herbs with many-fld. terminal racemes: fls. 

 usually red or yellow; corolla-lobes all incurved, coher- 

 ing at the apex by day. About 8 species from Chile. 

 Now considered a section of Lobelia. T. crassicaulis, 

 Hook. Subshrub about 3 ft. high : st. erect, simple, stout : 

 Ivs. densely clustered at the top of the st., spreading, 

 reflexed, lanceolate, or broad-lanceolate, acute, base 

 attenuate to a short petiole, serrate, pubescent above, 

 hoary-tomentose beneath: calyx-tube hemispherical, 

 segms. spreading, acuminate; corolla yellow-orange 

 (finally scarlet), tube laterally compressed, limb 2- 

 lipped. Habitat uncertain. B*.M. 4505. J.F. 1:107. 

 This has never been transferred to Lobelia; it may be 

 a Siphocampylus rather than a Lobelia. 



T. salidfdlia, Don=Siphocampylus giganteus. 



TUPIDANTHUS (Greek, mattet and flower, referring 

 to the shape of the fl.-buds). Araliacex. At first a gla- 

 brous small tree, becoming with age a tall climber: Ivs. 

 large, digitately compound; Ifts. coriaceous, entire; sti- 

 pules connate : umbellules arranged in a short panicle or 

 compound umbel: fls. large for the order; petals connate 



in a leathery or fleshy hood; stamens numerous; disk 

 convex: fr. leathery to fleshy, subglobose. One species, 

 India. T. calyptrdtus, Hook. f. & Thorns. Lvs. digitate; 

 Ifts. 7-9, entire, 7x2> in., narrow -oblong, short- 

 acuminate, narrowed at base; petiolules 2 in. long: main 

 umbel about 3-rayed, branches 3 in. long with large 

 bracts at their bases; umbellules 5-7-cleft: fls. green; 

 stamens 50-70. India. B.M. 4908. 



TUPISTRA (Greek, mallet, alluding to the peculiar 

 shape of the stigma). Lilidcese. Perennial herbs grown 

 in the warmhouse. Rhizome stout, sometimes short and 

 tuberous, sometimes elongated and annulate: Ivs. 

 radical, long, large, contracted into the petiole: scape 

 radical, between the Ivs., short or elongated, erect or 

 recurved at the top, simple, terminated by a dense 

 cylindrical spike: fls. sessile, grouped, violet or lurid: 

 perianth campanulate, 6-, rarely 8-lobed, short and 

 spreading; stamens as many as corolla-lobes; ovary free, 

 sessile, 3- rarely 4-celled, cells 2-ovuled: berry globose, 

 usually 1-seeded. About 13 species, India, Burma, and 

 Malaya. Probably no species in general cult. 



The following species have been intro. into botanic gardens: T. 

 Cldrkti, Hook. f. Robust glabrous herb with a thick creeping rhi- 

 zome: Ivs. oblanceolate, 4r-5 ft. long, 2-5 in. broad, entire, shining: 

 peduncles 3 in. long, bearing nodding or almost pendulous spikes, 

 3-4 in. long: fls. about 1 % in. across, dull reddish purple inside, at 

 first green with perianth-lobes purple-margined, finally all buff. 

 Sikkim. B.M. 7957. T. ffrdndis, Ridley. Lvs. tufted, 2-3 ft. long, 

 lanceolate: peduncle stout, red-brown, bearing a spike 10-12 in. 

 long: fls. subsessile, crowded; perianth campanulate, tube J#n. 

 long, red-brown, lobes dark red-purple; stigma broadly peltate, on 

 a white columnar, exserted style. Perak. B.M. 7829. T. Macro- 

 stigma, Baker ( Macros tigma tupistroides, Kunth). Rhizome thick, 

 creeping: flowering tufts usually 2-lvd.: Ivs. petioled, lanceolate, 1 

 ft. or more long, acute, chartaceous, narrowed from above the mid- 

 dle to the point and petiole, bright green on both surfaces: peduncle 

 dark purple, erect; spike drooping, lax, about 2-3 in. long: perianth 

 campanulate, dark purple, about Hin. across; ovary globose. Moun- 

 tains of N. India. B.M. 6280. Gt. 6: 130. T. peraktnsis, Hort., is 

 not known botanically; it is described Jas having elegant narrow 

 Ivs. and erect fl. -spikes 8 in. long, the upper half clothed with fleshy 

 shining, purple fls. with a pure white, disk-like spreading flat stigma. 

 Singapore, R TRACY HtJBBARD . 



TURNERA (named after William Turner, died 1568). 

 Turneracex. Glabrous, pubescent or tomentose herbs, 

 shrubs, or subshrubs, suitable for warmhouse cult. Lvs. 

 sparse, entire, serrate or somewhat pinnatifid; stipules 

 small or none : fls. axillary, solitary, rarely racemose or 

 fascicled, yellow; calyx tubular, funnelform or cam- 

 panulate, limb 5-parted; petals 5; stamens 5; ovary 

 sessile, free, oblong: caps, ovoid or oblong, 3-valved at 

 base, many-seeded, very rarely 3-seeded. About 85 

 species, Trop. and Subtrop. Amer., S. Afr., and Mada- 

 gascar. T. vlmifolia, Linn. Shrub, 2-4 ft. high: Ivs. 

 biglandular at base, oblong, ovate or lanceolate, acu- 

 minate, serrate above the cuneate base, petioled, 

 pubescent above, white-tomentose beneath: fls. yellow, 

 almost sessile; calyx deeply 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate, 

 acuminate; petals large, obovate. Mex., W. Indies, and 

 S. Amer. B.M. 4137. Var. elegans, Hort. (T. trioni- 

 fldra, Sims), is about 1 ft. high: Ivs. oblong-lanceolate, 

 coarsely serrate: fls. sessile, pale yellow or sulfur- 

 colored, with purplish brown claws. Brazil. B.M. 2106. 

 G. 28:381. H.F. II. 3:160. The family Turneracese is 

 placed near Violacese and Passifloraceae. 



TURNIP is a name somewhat loosely applied to two 

 species of vegetables. In this country, and apparently 

 properly, it is applied to vegetables characterized by 

 thick light-fleshed roots that are usually more or less 

 flattened or at least not greatly elongated, with leaves 

 that are hairy and not glaucous. These vegetables 

 belong to the species Brassica Rapa (see page 543). 

 In the term is sometimes included the Swedish turnip 

 or rutabaga, a plant that is characterized by having a 

 more uniformly elongated-oval yellow-fleshed tuber 

 with roots springing from its lower part, a thick elon- 

 gated leafy neck, and glaucous-blue leaves that are 

 not hairy. This plant is considered to be Brassica 



