TURR.EA 



TYPHONIUM 



3405 



lobata). This name is in the Fla. trade, but it seems 

 open to doubt whether the plant is this species. 



AA. F h. clustered at ends of branches. 



floribunda, Hochst. (T. heterophytta, Sond.). Shrub: 

 foliage falls away before flowering season: Ivs. ovate, 

 acute or produced into a short obtuse point, undivided 

 or 3-lobed: fls. clustered at ends of branches: peduncles 

 and calices silky tomentose. Natal. 



F. TRACT HuBBARD.f 



TUSSELAGO (Latin, tussis, cough, and ago, referring 

 to the medicinal use of the Ivs.). Composite. Here 

 belongs the COLTSFOOT, the flowers of which look much 

 like the dandelion; the leaves are large and make an 

 attractive low covering for rough banks. 



Acaulescent perennial herb more or less white-tomen- 

 tose: fls. in a dense head on a scaly scape, before the 

 Ivs. of the season; tubular and ray-fls. about in equal 

 numbers, the rays pistillate and fertile and in several 

 rows; disk-florets sterile; receptacle flat; involucre 

 campanulate or cylindrical, the scales in a single series: 

 achene narrow, with soft capillary pappus. One 

 species. 



Firfara, Linn. COLTSFOOT. Resembles the dandelion 

 in having scapes bearing solitary yellow fl.-heads com- 

 posed of rays, but the scapes are scaly and the heads are 

 smaller, lighter colored and borne in early spring before 

 the main crop of dandelions. After the fls. have lost 

 their beauty, the Ivs. appear; they are heart-shaped and 

 rounded at first, but as they grow they become more 

 and more angled. They are covered with a soft cottony 

 matting which diminishes toward the end of the season. 

 It grows naturally in moist places and thrives on steep 

 raw banks in the stiffest clay. Spreads rapidly by 

 underground sts. Flowers in March. Native to Eu., 

 India, and N. W. Asia. Naturalized in Amer. Gn. 

 23, p. 113. 



Var. variegata, Hort., has Ivs. margined and more or 

 less blotched with white or yellow. Gn. 37, p. 435. 

 Lowe 56. More commonly cult, than the type. 



r./hJ^ran^Petasites. WlLHELM MlLLER. 



TUTCHERLA (after W. J. Tutcher, assistant super- 

 intendent of the Botanical and Forest Dept. of Hong- 

 Kong). Ternstra?miace&. Two species of evergreen 

 trees in S. E. China, with alternate, ovate-lanceolate 

 Ivs. and axillary, showy, white fls.: sepals imbricate in 

 2-3 series, silky outside, the inner ones becoming pet- 

 aloid; petals 5, large; stamens many, connate at the 

 base and adnate to the petals; ovary 4-6-celled; styles 

 united nearly to the apex: caps, globose, woody, dehis- 

 cent with 3-6 valves; seeds angular, 2-5 in each cell. 

 The following species has been recently intro. into 

 England; to be recommended for its showy white fls. 

 Hardiness and cult, probably like camellia. T. spectabi- 

 lis, Dunn (Camellia spectdbilis, Champ.). Small tree: 

 Ivs. short-pet ioled, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, cuneate 

 at the base, slightly crenate, lustrous above, 5-6 in. 

 long: fls. short-stalked, white, cup-shaped, about 3 in. 

 across, slightly fragrant ; petals broadly obovate, emar- 

 ginate, I 1 2-2 in. long: caps, globose, 2-3 in. across. 

 Seemann, Bot. Herald, 78. ALFRED REHDER. 



TWAYBLADE: Liparit lOiifolia. 



TWEEDIEA: Oxypetalum. 



TWIN-FLOWER: Linruea barealis. T.-Lcaf : Jeffersonia diphytta. 



TWISTED STALK: Strrptopus. 



T?PHA (ancient name). Typhacese. CAT-TAIL. REED 

 MACE. Hardy perennial marsh- or swamp-growing 

 herbs, useful in the water-garden or along brooks or 

 the margins of ponds. 



Plants forming colonies, slender or stout, often tall, 

 smooth: rhizome strong, creeping: sts. erect, simple, 

 base often under water: radical Ivs. linear-elongated, 

 rather thick, spongy, with or without ribs; cauline Ivs. 

 few and shorter: peduncles erect, terete, strict and not 

 divided: spadices, male and female similar, superposed: 

 fls. monoecious, densely clustered in the cylindrical 

 spadix; perianth consisting of slender hairs: fr". minute, 

 subsessile. About 17 species, temperate and tropical 

 regions. Monographed by Graebner in Engler's Pflan- 

 zenreich, hit, 2 (IV. 8) in 1900. 



A. Female fls. without brads. 

 B. Plant robust, more than 3 ft. high: Us. flat. 



c. Pedicels columnar, 1.52 mm. long. 

 latifdlia, Linn. Fig. 3875. Plant stout, 4-8 ft. high: 

 Ivs. usually broad, linear, j^-l in. broad, exceeding the 

 flowering culm: male and female spikes contiguous, 

 rarelv remote. N. Amer., Eu., Asia. R.B. 20, p. 196. 

 V. 2": 197. J.H. III. 65:325. Var. elatior, Graebn. 

 (T. elatior, Bor.), has narrow Ivs. and shorter contiguous 

 or slightly remote spikes. Eu. 



OC. Pedicels short or elongate-conoid, 1-1 mm. long. 

 Shuttleworthii, Koch & Sond. Plant stout, 3-4^ ft. 

 high: Ivs. linear, 2-6 lines broad, longer than the flower- 

 ing culm: spikes cylindrical, contiguous, pistillate 

 spikes thick and longer than the staminate. Eu. 



BB. Plant slender, rarely over 3 ft. high: Ivs. semi- 



cylindrical or rather flat. 



Laxmannii, Lepech. (T. stenophylla, Fisch. & Mey.). 

 Plant slender, 2)^-4)^ ft. high: Ivs. very narrow, rarely 

 even 3 lines broad, semi-cylindrical, grooved inside, 

 convex outside: pistillate spike ovate-oblong or shortly 

 cylindrical, brown, remote from the elongate staminate 

 spike. S. E. Eu. to China. 



AA. Female fls. in the axils of bracts. 

 B. Plant stout, 3-12 ft. high: axis of male spike hairy. 



angustifolia, Linn. Plant stout, 3-9 ft. high: Ivs. 

 narrow, 1-5 or 6 lines broad: spikes about equally long, 

 remote, rarely contiguous; pedicels shortly conoid. N. 

 Amer., Eu. and Asia; also in Trop. Amer. 



is now considered a synonym of Isoloma; 

 by some authorities called Kohleria (see Isoloma). T. 

 ocellata, Regel=/sofcwia ocellalum. Gt. 4:180. Other 

 species which may have been cult., but probably are no 

 longer in trade are T. venbsa, Hort. (H.F. II. 3:248), 

 and T. Warscewiczii, Regel (Gt. 3:72). 



BB. Plant slender, l]^-3 ft. high: axils of male spike 

 destitute of hairs. 



minima, Funk. Plant slender, 1-2 J^ ft. high: Ivs. of 

 the sterile shoots very narrow, linear, less than 1 line 

 broad, of the flowering st. basally inflated sheaths rarely 

 bearing very short involute blades: spikes remote or 

 contiguous, female spike broadly ovate or shortly 

 cylindrical, rusty brown. Eu., Caucasus, and Asia. 



F. TRACT HCBBARD. 



TYPHONIUM (an old name of some plant of the 

 family, named for Typhon, a mythological giant). Ara- 

 cese. Perennial tuberous herbs, occasionally grown in 

 the greenhouse. Lvs. appearing with the fls., sagittate 

 or hastate, 3-5-lobed or -parted or pedately cut; petiole 

 elongated: peduncle usually short: spathes persistent, 

 throat constricted, blade ovate or lanceolate; spadix 

 sessile or stipitate, included; male infl. cylindrical, 

 female short : fls. in an appendiculate monoecious spadix, 

 male and female elements remote; perianth none; sta- 

 mens in the male fl. 1-3; ovary in female fl. ovoid or 

 oblong-ovoid, 1-celled: berry ovoid, 1-2-seeded. About 

 20 species, Trop. Asia, Austral., and islands of the 

 Pacific. 



giganteum, Engl. Tuberous herb of large size: Ivs. 

 with petioles 2 ft. long, the lower 8 in., wing-sheathed; 

 blades 1 ft. or more long, hastate, the lobes large, apex 

 acute: spathe-tube oblong, 1J^ in. long, blade acumi- 



