3410 



ULMUS 



ULMUS 



Tall and wide-spreading tree, attaining to 120 ft., 

 usually with high light gray trunk, limbs gradually 

 outward-curving with pendulous branches: branchlets 

 pubescent when young, glabrous in fall: buds acutish, 

 glabrous: Ivs. ovate-oblong, unequal at the base, 

 acuminate, doubly serrate, pubescent when young, at 

 length glabrous and rough above, pubescent or almost 

 glabrous beneath, 3-6 in. long: fls. in many-fld. clusters; 

 stamens 7-8, exserted: fr. oval or elliptic, veined, 



3878. Ulmus americana. ( X K) 



deeply notched, incision reaching to the nutlet. New- 

 foundland to Fla., west to the base of the Rocky Mts. 

 S.S. 7:311. Em. 2:322. G.F. 3:443, 467; 6:175. Mn. 

 7, p. 125; 8, p. 71. F.E. 15:86, pi. 46. F.S.R. 1, p. 195. 

 V. 14:79; 20:10. M.D.G. 1900:392^. One of the 

 favorite avenue trees in the northeastern states. The 

 elm varies considerably in habit, and the following 

 forms have been distinguished. In the "vase form" the 

 main trunk separates at 15-30 ft. into several almost 

 equal branches, which diverge at first slightly and 

 gradually, but at the height of 50-70 ft. sweep boldly 

 outward and form a broad flat head, with the branches 

 drooping at the extremities. This is the most beautiful 

 and also the commonest form. The "plume form" is 

 much like the foregoing, but the trunk is less divided 

 and the limbs are clothed with short branchlets, thus 

 forming feathery plumes. The "weeping-willow form" 

 usually has a rather short trunk with limbs curving 

 outward more rapidly and with long and very slender 

 pendulous branches, forming usually a broad and round 

 head. The "oak-tree form" is distinguished by its 

 limbs spreading abruptly and in sharp turns and the 

 branches being usually less pendulous. The name 

 "feathery" or "fringed" elm is applied to trees which 

 have the limbs and the main trunk clothed with short 

 somewhat pendent branchlets thrown out usually in 

 clusters at short intervals. This may appear in any of 

 the forms named, but is most conspicuous in trees of 

 the plume form. (Fig. 3879.) There are a few named 

 varieties in nurseries: Var. aurea, Temple, with yellow 

 foliage, found in Vt., by F. L. Temple; var. pendula, 

 Ait., with slender pendulous branches; this is the 

 "weeping-willow form" described above. 



3. racemdsa, Thomas, not Borkh. (U. 

 Thdmasii, Sarg.). CORK ELM. ROCK ELM. Fig. 3877. 

 Tree, attaining 100 ft., with short spreading branches, 

 forming an oblong round-topped head: branchlets 

 pubescent usually until the second year and mostly 

 irregularly corky winged when older: buds acute, 

 pubescent: Ivs. oval to oblong-obovate, unequal at the 

 base, shortly acuminate, sharply and doubly serrate, 

 glabrous or somewhat rough above, pubescent beneath, 

 2-4 in. long: fls. in slender pendulous racemes; calyx with 

 5-8 exserted stamens: fr. oval or obovate, with a shal- 

 low notch at the apex, pale, pubescent, K-%in. long. 

 Que. to Tenn., west to Neb. S.S. 7:312. 



4. alata, Michx. WAHOO or WINGED ELM. Fig. 3877. 

 Tree, attaining 50 ft., with spreading branches forming 

 #n oblong, round-topped or rather open head: branches 



usually with 2 opposite very broad wings; branchlets 

 almost glabrous: buds acute, gfebrous: Ivs. ovate- 

 oblong to oblong-lanceolate, often falcate, acute or 

 acuminate, doubly serrate, subcoriaceous, glabrous 

 above, pubescent beneath, 13^-2M in- long: fls. in 

 short, few-fld. racemes; stamens usually 5: fr. elliptic- 

 ovate, with narrow wing and with 2 incurved horns at 

 the apex, villous, J^in. across. Va. to Fla., west to 111. 

 and Texas. S.S. 7:313. Handsome round-headed tree, 

 sometimes used as an avenue tree in the southern 

 states; not hardy N. 



5. fulva, Michx. (U. riibra, Michx. U. elliptica, Hort., 

 not Koch. U. Heyderi, Spaeth. U. sibirica, Hort.). 

 SLIPPERY ELM. RED ELM. Figs. 3877, 3880. Tree, 

 attaining 70 ft., with spreading branches, forming 



usually a broad, open, flat-topped 

 head: branchlets pubescent and 

 scabrous with minute tubercles: Ivs. 

 obovate to oblong, very unequal at 

 base, long-acuminate, doubly serrate, 

 ^ of firm texture, very rough above, 

 tek pubescent beneath, 4-7 in. long: fls. in 

 ^SH dense clusters; stamens 5-9: fr. orbic- 

 *V ular-oval, little notched at the apex, 

 Kin. across. Que. to Fla., west to Da- 

 kotas and Texas. S.S. 7:314. Em. 2: 

 334. The reddish brown pubescence of the bud-scales is 

 very conspicuous in spring, when the buds are unfolding. 



6. glabra, Huds. (U. scabra, Mill. U. montana, 

 With.). WYCH ELM. SCOTCH ELM. Fig. 3877. Tree, to 

 120 ft., with spreading branches forming an oblong or 

 broad round-topped head; without suckers: bark remain- 

 ing smooth for many years (hence its Latin specific 

 name) : branches never with corky wings; young branch- 

 lets pubescent: buds obtuse, ciliate, and pubescent with 

 yellowish brown hairs: Ivs. very short-petioled and 

 unequal at base, broadly obovate to oblong-obovate, 

 abruptly acuminate or sometimes 3-lobed at the apex, 

 sharply and doubly serrate, rough above, pubescent 

 beneath, 3-6 in. long: fls. clustered; stamens 5-6, little 

 exserted: fr. oval or roundish obovate, little notched at 

 the apex, with the seed in the middle, %-l in. long. 

 Eu. to Japan. H.W. 2:38, pp. 7, 8. F.S.R. 3, pp. 269, 

 271,272. G.C. III. 39:152, suppl. S.E.B. 8:1287. A 

 variable species of which many forms are cult.: Var. 

 grandidentata, Moss (U. scabra tricuspis, Koch. 

 U. triserrata or tridens, Hort.). Lvs. 3-lobed at the 

 apex, particularly on vigorous shoots: young branchlets 

 pubescent, reddish brown in autumn. Var. crispa, 

 Rehd. (U. montana crispa, Loud. U. crispa, Wifid. 

 U. aspleniifolia, Hort.). Slow-growing form with nar- 

 row Ivs. incisely serrate with incurved twisted teeth. 

 Var. atropurpurea, Rehd. (U. montana atropurpurea, 

 Spaeth). Lvs. dark purple and folded. Var. lutescens, 

 Rehd. (U. montana lutescens, Dipp.). Lvs. yellow. 

 Var. riibra, Rehd. (U. campestris riibra, Simon-Louis. 

 U. montana libro riibro, Planch.). Inner bark of the 

 young branchlets deep red. Var. fastigiata, Rehd. 

 (U. montana fastigiata, Loud. U. pyramidalis, Hort. 

 U. plumosa pyramidalis, Hort. U. exoniensis, Hort. 

 U. Fdrdii, Hort.). Columnar form with strictly upright 

 branches: Ivs. rather small, dark green, obovate, 

 wrinkled above and somewhat twisted. Var. pendula, 

 Rehd. (U. montana pendula, Loud. U. montana hori- 

 zontalis, Kirchn.). Branches horizontally spreading 

 forming a flat-topped head, branchlets pendulous. Gn. 

 17, p. 539; 77, p. 385. G.C. III. 50:221. M.D.G. 1901 : 

 163. G.M. 49:749. G.L. 20:431. Var. Camperdownii, 

 Rehd. (U. Camperdownii, Hort. U. montana pendula 

 Camperdownii, Henry. U. montana pendula, Hort., 

 not Loud.). CAMPERDOWN ELM. Figs. 3881, 3882. 

 Branches and branchlets pendulous, forming a round 

 head. Gn. 40, p. 158. G.C. III. 50:221. G.W. 2, p. 33; 

 8, p. 352; 15, p. 662. Var. nana, Rehd. (U. montana 

 nana, Simon-Louis). Dwarf slow-growing form with 



