VALERIAN A 



VALLISNERIA 



3427 



incised-lobed; cauline pinnately parted into 3-4 pairs of 

 oblong, acute, entire, decurrent segms. : corymb trichot- 

 omous: fls. whitish to somewhat flesh-colored. Cau- 

 casus region. Var. aurea, Hort., has young shoots 

 golden yellow. 



12. pyrenaica, Linn. Perennial, 2-4 ft. high, pubes- 

 cent: rhizome large; stolons none: st. erect, sulcate: 

 Ivs. glabrous, radical large, long-petioled, cordate, 

 coarsely and unequally toothed; cauline auriculate, 



3897. Valerianella olitoria. Corn salad. 



3-cut. segms. dentate, terminal larger and ovate-cor- 

 date, lateral 2 (rarely 4 or 0) obliquely elliptic: cyme 

 large, corymbose: fls. pale rose: fr. glabrous, linear- 

 oblong. Pyrenees. 



T". dCxi, Mazz.. is Centranthus ruber var. albus. F. cocdnea, 

 Hort., is offered (Centranthus?). r. cocdnea dO>a, Hort., is offered 

 in the trade. T'. Cornucopia?, Linn., is Fedia Cornucopia. V. 

 macroriphon, Mlm., is Centranthus macrosiphon. V. rdsea, Hort., 

 is offered in the trade. V. rubra, Linn., is Centranthus ruber. 



F. TRACY HuBBARD.f 



VALERIANELLA (diminutive of Valeriana). VaLe- 

 rianacfS:. Annual dichotpmously branched herbs, 

 chiefly spring plants, sometimes planted in wild-garden 

 or rock-garden; one is a salad plant. 



Leaves, lower, in a radical rosette, entire; cauline 

 entire, dentate or rarely incise-pinnatifid: cymes some- 

 times eorymbosely paniculate fastigiate, sometimes 

 densely globose at the ends of the branches: fls. whitish, 

 pale bluish, or rose; corolla-tube short or rarely elongate, 

 limb o-cleft, spreading; stamens 3: fr. 3-celled, 2 of 

 which are empty. About 58 species, Eu., X. Afr., W. 

 Asia, and X. Amer., mostly in the Medit. region. 



Corn salad is both a salad plant and a pot-herb, 

 chiefly the former. The name "corn salad" is probably 

 derived from the fact that the plant grows spontane- 

 ously in the grain-fields of Europe, large quantities 

 of it being gathered in early spring. It is rather taste- 

 less compared with lettuce, and is little known in 

 America. Abroad it is prized as a fall and winter salad. 

 It is a cool-season crop, grown like lettuce and matures 

 in six to eight weeks. Plants should stand about 6 

 inches apart in the row. An ounce of seed should give 

 2,000 to 3,000 plants. The following description of the 

 varieties is derived from Vilmorin's "Vegetable 

 Garden." See Vol. II, p. 851. 



olitdria, Moench. CORN SALAD. LAMB'S LETTUCE. 

 FETTICCS. Fig. 3S97. An "autumnal annual" herb, the 

 seed of which ripens in April or May, soon falls to the 

 ground, and germinates in Aug. The plant makes its 

 growth in the fall and flowers the following spring. In 

 cult, the seed is generally sown in early spring or late 

 summer. The plant forms a dense rosette of spoon- 

 shaped Ivs. which grow in a decussate fashion, and has 

 an angular forking st. bearing small bluish white fls. in 

 terminal clusters. Eu., Orient. The Round-leaved 

 variety has much shorter Ivs. than the common type 

 and they are half-erect instead of spreading, and less 

 prominently veined. This kind is the one grown almost 

 exclusively" for the Paris market. The Large-seeded 



217 



variety is more robust than the common type and the 

 seed is nearly twice as large; Ivs. marked with numer- 

 ous secondary veins. Much grown in Holland and 

 Germany. The Etampes variety has very dark-col- 

 ored Ivs., which are often undulate or folded back at the 

 margins; Ivs. narrow, prominently veined, thicker 

 and more fleshy than the other kinds and specially 

 suited to cold weather and long-distance shipment. 

 The cabbaging variety differs from the others in form- 

 ing a heart or head of fine flavor. Unfortunately it is 

 the least productive type, but it bears shipment well 

 if properly grown. 



eriocarpa, Desv. ITALIAN CORN SALAD. Distin- 

 guished from the common species by the lighter color 

 of the Ivs., which are slightly hairy and somewhat 

 toothed on the edges toward the base. The plant is 

 native to the south of Eu., where it is highly esteemed 

 because it does not run to seed so quickly in a warm 

 climate. It is undesirable for northern climates. 



WILHELM MILLER. 



VALLARIS (perhaps from the latin vatto, to inclose; 

 the plants are said to be used in Java for fences). 

 Apocynacese. Twining shrubs, suitable only for the 

 wannhouse in the N., but hardy outdoors in the 

 extreme S. where used as an ornamental. Lvs. opposite, 

 minutely dotted: fls. white, in axillary, subaxiUary, or 

 superaxillary dichotomous cymes; calyx 5-parted, 

 glandular or not within, segms. narrow; corolla salver- 

 shaped, lobes broad, overlapping to the right; disk 

 various; carpels 2, at first connate, many-ovuled. 

 About 5 or 6 species, Trop. Asia and Malaya. 



Heynei, Spreng. (V. dichotoma, Wall.). Tall climb- 

 ing shrub; bark pale: Ivs. elliptic, oblong or linear- 

 oblong, l/'-4x t-lH in., glabrous or pubescent, 

 acuminate: cymes pubescent, 3-10^-fld., sessile or 

 peduncled, dichotomous: fls. pure white, %in. across, 

 fragrant; sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse; disk ciliate: 

 follicles 6x2 in., straight, tapering from a rounded 

 base to a stiff point. Himalaya to Burma and Ceylon. 

 Intro, into Fla. 



VALLISNEMA (Antonio Vallisneri, 1661-1730, 

 Italian naturalist). Hydrochartiaceje. Two species of 

 aquatic plants, including the well-known eel-grass or 

 tape-grass. This plant is found in fresh water around 

 the world. It is a submerged plant with linear Ivs. ^2-6 

 ft. long, depending on the depth of the water. The Ivs. 

 originate in a tuft at the bottom of the water, and the 

 plant spreads by runners 

 sent out from these tufts. 

 Eel-grass is usually found 

 in quiet waters. It has no 

 horticultural rank, except 

 as an aquarium plant. 

 Like many other aqua- 

 rium plants, it has special 

 interest for students of 

 botany. The pistillate fls. 

 are borne on very long 

 spiral threads and come 

 to the surface, as shown 

 in Fig. 3898. The sta- 

 minate fls. are borne on 

 very short stalks near the 

 bottom of the water. At 

 the proper time the stam- 

 inate fls. break away from 

 their stalks and rise to the 

 surface of the water. As 

 the>- float about, some of 

 the pollen is conveyed to 

 the pistillate fls., and in 

 this haphazard way the 



blossoms are fertilized 

 and seed is produced. 



3898. Eel-grass. VallisnerU 

 spiralis. (Reduced) 



