VIOLA 



VIOLA 



3473 



sometimes cultivated, as is the hardy grower, V. 

 papilionacea (Fig. 3936). A partial albino of this, the 

 petals white with a large blue center, is grown in south- 

 ern gardens as "the confederate violet." It has been 

 published as V. Priceana, the type coming from Bowling 

 Green, Kentucky; but it is perfectly hardy in the North, 

 and multiplies abundantly. Many hybrids of V. sororia 

 and of V. pedatifida are also hardy, some with violet 

 flowers, others with white flowers, often fifty or more 

 blooming at once in a large clump. 



No attempt is made here to describe all the native 

 species, as they are so numerous and so rarely horti- 

 cultural subjects. For any desired information regard- 

 ing them the reader is referred to the most recent 

 editions of Gray's "Manual," of Britton & Brown's 

 "Illustrated Flora," or of Small's "Flora of the South- 

 eastern United States," the treatment of Viola in all 

 three works being by the present writer. However, as 

 a matter of record, a list of those that are or have been 

 offered in the trade is here given, and references made to 

 illustrations found in horticultural magazines. With 

 the recent critical studies of Viola, it is found that two 

 or more species were sometimes comprised under a 

 single name; it is therefore difficult, in some cases, to 

 determine what plant may be in cultivation under 

 one of the older names. It is now considered that 

 the European V. canina is not indigenous in America; 

 probably the plant listed under that name is V. 

 conspersa. 



INDEX. 



admirabilis, 11. 

 alba, 4, 11, 13. 

 arrensis, 12. 

 Beckwithii, 42. 

 blanda, 26. 

 botnana, 3. 

 calcarata, 7. 

 californica, 2. 

 canadensis, 33. 

 canina, 35. 

 cognata, 21. 

 conspersa, 35. 

 cornuta, 11. 

 cucuUata, 17. 

 cyanea, 3. 

 elatior, 6. 

 eriocarpa, 30. 

 bederacea, 1. 

 glabelln, 39. 



gacilis, 8. 

 allii, 43. 

 lanceolata, 23. 

 lobata, 40. 



A. Species of exotic origin, comprising the florist's violets 



and the pansy. 



B. Plant stemless, the peduncles arising directly from the 



base or crown. 

 c. Style truncate at apex. 



1. hederacea, Labill. (Erpetion reniforme, Sweet. E. 

 hederdceum, E. petioldre, and E. spathuldtum, Don). 

 AUSTRALIAN VIOLET. Tufted, and creeping by stolons, 

 glabrous or pubescent: Ivs. reniform or orbicular or 

 spatulate, small, entire or toothed, usually not equaling 

 the scapes: fls. small, usually blue, sometimes white, 

 the spur almost none. Austral. G. 35:35. Offered in 

 S. Calif. 



cc. Style terminating in a slender hooked beak. 



2. odorata, Linn. SWEET VIOLET. Fig. 3937; also 

 Figs. 3947-49. Tufted, somewhat pubescent, produ- 

 cing long prostrate stolons flowering the second year: 

 rootstock short : Ivs. cordate-ovate to reniform, obtusely 

 serrate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the 

 fringed border usually not glandular: fls. deep violet, 

 rarely rose or white, fragrant, the spur nearly or quite 

 straight and obtuse. Eu., Afr., and Asia. It runs into 

 many forms varying in stature, size of fls. and color. 

 There are double-fld. forms. It is the parent of florists' 

 violets. Fig. 3937, from G.C. III. 21:248, represents 



var. sulfurea, "reported to be a native of the south of 

 France, and bears dull sulphur-coloured flowers." 

 V. californica of gardeners on the Pacific coast is only 

 the sweet violet of Eu. For cult., see Violet. 



3. cyanea, Celak. Stemless, stoloniferous: Ivs. 

 broadly cordate-ovate, crenate, bright green, glabrate 

 and shining after flowering; stipules lanceolate, long- 

 acuminate, fimbriate: pedicels 2-4 lines long, about 

 equaling or slightly shorter than the petioles after 

 flowering; sepals oblong, obtuse, with short appendages 

 which are rotundate and appressed to the pedicel; 

 corolla medium-sized; petals sky-blue-white below the 

 middle, lower petal emarginate, the others about as 

 long, scarcely emarginate; spur conical, rather straight; 

 ovary short-conoid, very smooth. Eu. 



Var. perfimbriata, Borb. (V. bosndna, Wiesb. V. 

 riissica, Hort.). Stolons short, rather thick: Ivs. broadly 

 cordate-ovate, vivid green, at flowering-time glabrous 

 and shining; stipules lanceolate, long-acuminate, long- 

 fringed, nearly glabrous: fls. less fragrant than in V. 

 odorata; petals a cornflower-blue above the middle, 

 white below. Lower Austria and southeastward. 

 G. 36:362. 



4. alba, Bess. Stolons long, ascending, appearing 

 in spring and sometimes bearing fls. the same season: 

 Ivs. nearly triangular, cordate, with deep and broad 



3937. Viola odorata. ( X %) 



sinus, obtuse; stipules lanceolate, long-acuminate, with 

 glandular fringe: fls. fragrant, usually white, but some- 

 times in various shades of violet and rose. Cent, and 

 S. Eu. 



BB. Plants with evident sts., more or less branching, the 

 peduncles arising some distance above the ground 

 or crown. 



c. Style slender throughout. 



5. silvestris, Reichb. (V. silvdtica, Fries). Sts. 

 reclining and ascending, glabrous or slightly pubescent: 

 Ivs. deeply cordate or nearly reniform, short-pointed 

 or obtuse; stipules linear-lanceolate, f ringed-toothed, 

 several tunes shorter than the petiole: sepals lanceolate, 

 acuminate; petals oblong, narrow, not overlapping. 

 Widely distributed in Eu. G.W. 13:73. 



6. elatior, Fries. Sts. tall and straight: Ivs. lanceo- 

 late from a rounded or cordate base, when young with 

 appressed pubescence; the middle stipules as long or 



