3474 



VIOLA 



VIOLA 



longer than the petiole, the upper much surpassing it: 

 corolla large, pale blue. Cent. Eu. and southeastward. 



cc. Style much enlarged upward into a globose hollow 



summit. 



7. calcarata, Linn. (V. valderia, Huter). Rootstock 

 producing filiform creeping branches: st. simple, 4 in. 

 high: Ivs. ovate, or the 

 upper oblong to lanceolate, 

 crenate; stipules nearly or 

 quite pinnately divided: 

 spur as long as the large 

 violet corolla. Alpine region 

 of Cent. Eu. G.W. 12:709. 

 Gn. 62, p. 97. 



8. gracilis, Sibth. & Smith 

 (F. olympica, Boiss.). One 

 of the V. calcarata group, 

 and by some authors in- 

 cluded in that species: entire 

 plant hairy, internodes more 

 or less elongated, 1 ft. high: 

 Ivs. oblong and narrowed 

 to petiole, or broad-ovate 

 to nearly rotund and 

 abruptly contracted below, 

 somewhat obtuse at apex, 



3938. Viola cornuta. (XK> the m ^ T ^ crenate; stip- 

 ules pinnately parted: fls. 



medium size, the petals violet or yellow; sepals oblong- 

 lanceolate, acute, shorter than petals; spur exceeding 

 calyx appendages. Macedonia to Asia Minor. 



9. Munbyana, Boiss. & Reut. Another of the V. 

 calcarata kind: plant about 1 ft. high, with long inter- 

 nodes, very short-pubescent: lys. cordate-ovate, obtuse, 

 crenate, glabrous or the margin ciliate, the upper ones 

 somewhat acute; stipules pinnatifid: fls. 1-3, the petals 

 violet or yellow; sepals lanceolate; spur straight, 

 attenuate at the end, about twice longer than the 

 calyx. Algeria. 



10. lutea, Huds. Plant persisting by filiform pros- 

 trate branching sts. : stipules digitately much divided, 

 middle division linear and enlarged: sepals oblong- 

 lanceolate, obtuse or short-pointed; spur hardly longer 

 than the appendages of the calyx; petals yellow, rarely 

 the two upper or all of them violet. Cent. Eu. and 

 Great Britain. 



11. cornuta, Linn. HORNED VIOLET. BEDDING PANSY. 

 Fig. 3938. Plant tufted, glabrous or nearly so, produ- 

 cing evident sts. with long peduncles in the If .-axils: 

 Ivs. subcordate-ovate and usually acuminate, crenately 



serrate; stipules 

 triangular, large, 

 coarsely den- 

 tate: fls. nor- 

 mally violet, the 

 petals obovate- 

 obtuse, standing 

 well apart, the 

 spur slender, 

 acute, shorter 

 than the petals. 

 Spain and the 

 Pyrenees. B.M. 

 791. G. 32:417. 

 Gn. 73, p. 385 

 Frequently seen 

 in gardens and 

 much prized for 

 its large bright 

 fls. Good for 

 spring bloom. 

 Hardy. There 

 are several 

 3939. Viola cornuta var. Papilio. ( X H) colors. Var. alba, 



Hort. Gn. 78, p. 449. Var. purpfcrea, Hort. G.M. 52: 

 886. Var. Papilio, Hort. (Fig. 3939) has very large fls., 

 violet in color, with small dark eye. Var. admirabilis, 

 Hort., a garden group of various colors, is probably a 

 hybrid offshoot of this species. Manne Queen is a form 

 of this species. 



12. tricolor, Linn. PANSY. HEARTSEASE. Fig. 3940; 

 also Figs. 2748, 2749. Glabrous or nearly so, the sts. 

 becoming long and branched: basal Ivs. cordate or 

 round-cordate, those of the st. becoming ovate-oblong 

 or lanceolate, all stalked and crenate-dentate ; stipules 

 large, pinnately parted toward the base: fls. large, 

 usually about three colors represented (except in high- 

 bred self varieties), the spur usually twice as long as 

 the appendages of the calyx. Eu. G.Z. 27:1. R.B. 

 38:137. When strayed from cult., the fls. become 

 small and lose the markings characteristic of the high- 

 bred pansies. A small-fld. field form, becoming com- 

 mon, is the European V. arvensis, Murray. A similar 

 but more delicate species, distinguished by petals 

 longer than the calyx, V. Rafinesquii, Greene (V. tricolor 

 var. arvensis, American Auth., not DC.), is indigenous 

 to the U. S. from N. J., southward and westward to 

 Texas and Colo. For cult., see Pansy 



AA. Species native in 

 the U. S. and 

 Canada, not do- 

 mesticated but 

 sometimes planted 

 from the wild. 



B. Plants stemless. 



C. Petals normally 

 violet or purplish. 



D. Lvs. more or less 



dissected. 



13. pedata, Linn. 

 BIRD- FOOT VIOLET. 

 Rootstock short and 

 erect : plant glabrous : 

 Ivs. pedately 3-5- 

 parted or -cleft, the 

 segms. usually 2-4- 

 cleft or -toothed near 

 the apex: petals all 

 beardless. Sandy 

 soil, Mass, and Minn, 

 to Fla.; a handsome 

 species. G.Z. 11:144. 



Gn. 65, p. 383. G. 13:373; 22:68. In the typical form 

 the 2 upper petals are dark violet, the 3 lower pale lilac; 

 the concolorous form is by far the more common. A 

 form with petals nearly white is known as var. alba. 



14. palmata, Linn. Fig. 3941. Rootstock stout, 

 usually oblique rather than erect: first Ivs. in spring 

 sometimes less divided but later Ivs. palmately 5-11- 

 lobed or -parted, middle segm. largest, all of them 

 variously toothed or cleft: fls. violet-purple, about 

 J^-l in. across; lateral petals bearded; sepals rather 

 blunt, ovate-lanceolate; produces cleistogamous fls. on 

 prostrate peduncles. Woodlands, Mass, to Minn, and 

 to Fla. 



15. pedatifida, Don. Rootstock short and erect: Ivs. 

 palmately multifid, primarily 3-parted or -divided, 

 each segm. again 3-cleft or -parted into linear sub- 

 divisions, these often further cut into 2-4 lobes: fls. 

 showy, violet, on scapes surpassing the Ivs.; produces 

 cleistogamous fls. with yellowish caps, on erect pedun- 

 cles. Prairies, Ohio northwestward and south- 

 westward. 



DD. Lvs. lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. 



16. sagittata, Ait. A small species, with erect short 

 rootstock, usually glabrous: mature normal Ivs. lanceo- 

 late or oblong-lanceolate, hastately or sagittately toothed 



3940. Viola tricolor. ( X K) 



