VIOLA - 



VIOLA 



3475 



or incised at the base; earlier and later Ivs. more del- 

 toid and often only crenate at base: fls. violet-purple; 

 sepals narrow-lanceolate, acute. Banks and fields, 

 Mass, to Minn, and southward. 



DDD. Lvs. cordate-ovate to cordate-reniform. 



17. papilionacea, Pursh (V. cucullata of older Man- 

 uals). Figs. 3935-^5, 3942. Commonest and most va- 

 riable violet in the N. E. U. S. A robust plant, 

 with a strong branching horizontal rootstalk, 3-6 in. 

 high: Ivs. deltoid-ovate to cordate-ovate, not lobed, 

 bluntish, serrate, the long petiole somewhat pubescent : 

 fls. normally deep violet but white or greenish yellow 

 in the center; outer sepals ovate-lanceolate; petals 

 narrow; spurred petal often narrow and boat-shaped; 

 cleistogamous fls. usually underground but caps, erect. 

 V. Priceana, Pollard, is probably a form of this, with 

 white blue-centered fls. Ky. See remarks on p. 3473. 

 Besides albinos there are striped and pied forms now 

 in the trade known as vars. striata, picta, and variegata, 

 Hort. All forms are easily colonized in the garden. 

 G.M. 57:313. G.3:323 (\MthasV.cucuUala). Gt.l:194. 



18. sordria, Willd. Much like No. 17, but petioles 

 and lower surface of Ivs. villous-pubescent : a sturdy 



grower, in pubes- 

 cence, shape of If., 

 and color of fl. re- 

 sembling the Euro- 

 pean V. odorata, 

 whence named by 

 Willdenow in 1806 

 the "sister violet." 

 (Latin soror, a sister.) 

 Woods and moist 

 meadows and about 

 buildings, Que. to 

 Minn, and south- 

 ward. 



19. pratincola, 

 Greene. A prairie 

 species of the Middle 

 West, from Ind. to 

 Minn, and Colo.; like 

 V. papilionacea, but 

 less robust, and often 

 united with that spe- 

 cies: petals violet-purple but of a lighter shade than 

 in No. 17, the petals broadly obovate. 



20. septentrionalis, Greene. Scapes and Ivs. more or 

 less hirsutulous: Ivs. ovate to reniform, cordate at base, 

 somewhat attenuate but blunt at the apex, crenate- 

 toothed and ciliate, the petioles slender: fls. large, of a 

 rich violet-purple (rarely white or whitish); 3 lowest 

 petals villous at base; sepals ovate and usually obtuse; 

 cleistogamous fls. on ascending peduncles. Newf. and 

 westward along the Canadian border, to Brit. Col. 

 and southward to Conn. Albino forms, varying all 

 the way to pure white, occur in New England. 



21. nephrophylla, Greene (V. cognata, Greene). 

 Nearly or quite glabrous: Ivs. orbicular to somewhat 

 reniform, crenate-serrate, obtuse, the later ones 

 broadly cordate: fls. large, deep violet, on long pedun- 

 cles; spurred petal villous, the lateral ones densely 

 bearded; sepals ovate to lanceolate, obtuse; cleistog- 

 amous fls. erect. Cold mossy bogs and borders of 

 streams and lakes, Newf. to Brit. Col., south to N. W. 

 Conn, and N. Wis., and in high mountains to New Mex. 

 and Cent. Calif. 



22. Selkirk!!, Pursh. A very distinct small species 

 with pale violet beardless petals, the spur long and 

 much enlarged toward the rounded end : glabrous except 

 for minute spreaoling hairs on the upper surface of the 

 If .-blades: Ivs. thin, ovate to nearly orbicular, deeply 

 cordate with a narrow sinus, crenate: sepals lanceolate 

 or ovate-lanceolate, usually acute; cleistogamous fls. 



220 



3941. Viola palmata. (XM) 



3942. Clomp of common blue violet 

 of the eastern states. Viola papili- 

 onacea. 



erect or ascending. Shaded ravines and cold mountain 

 forests, New Bruns. to Brit. Col., south in the AUe- 

 ghanies to Pa. and in the Rocky Mts. to Colo., and 

 north to Greenland; also in N. Eu. 



cc. Petals always white. 

 D. Lvs. lanceolate or narro'jxr. 



23. lanceolata, Linn. Small glabrous species, with 

 erect habit: Ivs. lanceolate or elliptical, obscurely 

 crenulate, gradually 



narrowed into a mar- 

 gined more or less 

 colored petiole: fls. 

 white, but the 3 lower 

 petals with purplish 

 veins, all usually 

 beardless; sepals lan- 

 ceolate; cleistoga- 

 mous fls. erect. Open 

 moist places, Nova 

 Scotia to Minn, and 

 southward. A dis- 

 tinct and interesting species. 



DD. Lvs. ovate, with either narrowed or rounded base. 



24. primulifdlia, Linn. Usually glabrous but some- 

 times pubescent: Ivs. oblong to ovate, usually rounded 

 at the base or cuneate, obscurely crenate-serrate, the 

 petioles often manifestly winged above: fls. white with 

 purplish veins, on peduncles exceeding the Ivs. ; sepals 

 lanceolate, acuminate; 3 lower petals beardless or 

 slightly bearded; cleistogamous fls. on shortish erect 

 peduncles. Open moist ground, New Bruns. to Fla. 

 and La. 



DDD. Lvs. cordate. 



25. pallens, Brainerd. Small neat species, for the 

 most part glabrous, stoloniferous: Ivs. broadly ovate 

 or cordate-orbicular, sometimes only %n. wide, but 

 usually lJ^-2 in., crenate-serrate, obtuse: fls. faintly 

 fragrant, white; lateral petals usually with small tuft 

 of hairs, the upper ones broadly obovate. Springy 

 land and along cold brooks, Que. and southward, 



3943. Viola blania. ( XI) 



especially in the mountains to S. C. and Tenn. The 

 plant formerly known by many as V. blanda, and still 

 often confused. 



26. blanda, Willd. Fig. 3943. A northern species 

 extending southward in the mountains to N. Ga., has 

 acuminate Ivs. somewhat hairy on the upper surface, and 

 narrow strongly reflexed petals. Probably not in cult. 



