3476 



VIOLA 



VIOLA 



DDDD. Lvs. kidney-shaped. 



27. renifdlia, Gray. Pubescent to nearly glabrous: 

 rootstock in mature plants mostly stout and scaly: 

 mature Ivs. of summer reniform, distantly crenate-ser- 

 rate, rounded at the summit: fls. white; petals beardless, 



the 3 lower ones veined 

 or tinged brownish; 

 sepals narrow-lanceo- 

 late; cleistogamous fls. 

 purple, on horizontal 

 peduncles: stolons ab- 

 sent. Arbor-vitse 

 swamps and cold 

 woods, Newf. to the 

 Mackenzie River, and 

 southward in the Alle- 

 ghany and Rocky Mts. 



3944. Viola rostrate. (XH) 



ccc. Petals yellow. 



28. rotundifdlia, 

 Michx. Plant with long 

 and stout scaly root- 

 stocks, and making 

 short stolons: Ivs. in 

 midsummer oval, 2-4 

 in. wide, thick and 



E rostrate, crenate, 

 s. bright yellow, with 

 brown lines on the 3 

 lower petals; lateral 

 petals bearded; cleis- 

 togamous fls. on de- 

 flexed peduncles. Cold woods in the mountains 

 from Maine to N. Ga. 



BB. Plants with evident sts. 



C. Species eastern, or found east of the 100th meridian. 

 T>. Petals yellow. 



29. Nuttallii, Pursh. Pubescent or nearly glabrous, 

 with a deep stout rootstock: early Ivs. and fls. from near 

 the crown, the later fls. cleistogamous and on long 

 peduncles: Ivs. oblong-lanceolate, tapering into margined 

 petioles, obtuse at apex, crenate-dentate or entire: fls. 

 yellow, the petals beardless or with slight beards; 

 sepals lanceolate or linear. From the Rocky Mts. east- 

 ward to Dak. and Mo. 



30. eriocarpa, Schw. (V. scabriuscula, Schw.). Essen- 

 tially glabrous or sparingly pubescent, the sts. ascend- 

 ing: root-lvs. usually 1-3, long-petioled, ovate to reni- 

 form, the base cordate or truncate, the apex usually 

 rounded; st.-lvs. all on upper half of st., broad-ovate, 

 subcordate, apex acuminate: fls. yellow, the lateral 

 petals bearded; sepals narrowly lanceolate. Low 

 woods, Nova Scotia to Man. and far southward. 



31. pubescens, Ait. Markedly soft-pubescent: sts. 

 8-12 in. high, stout, often only one: root-lvs. usually 

 wanting; st.-lvs. near the top, short-petioled, broad- 

 ovate to reniform, the base cordate or truncate, cre- 

 nate-dentate, somewhat short-pointed; stipules large: 

 fls. bright yellow; lateral petals bearded; spur short; 

 sepals narrow-lanceolate. Dry rich woods, Nova 

 Scotia to N. D. and to Va. and Mo. 



DD. Petals white inside with bright yellow base. 



32. rugulSsa, Greene (V. Rydbergii, Greene). Plants 

 widely spreading from long underground stolons: first 

 Ivs. broad and densely pubescent underneath, long- 

 petioled, cordate-reniform arid abruptly acuminate: 

 fls. sometimes tinged with violet. Minn, and westward 

 to Colo, and Brit. Col. 



33. canadensis, Linn. Plants without stolons, gla- 

 brous or very nearly so: Ivs. broad-ovate, cordate, at 

 apex acute or acuminate, serrate, the stipules sharp- 

 lanceolate: fls. solitary from the axils of the st.-lvs., 

 white inside with yellow center, the outside more or 



less tinged with violet, the 3 lower petals with darker 

 lines, the lateral petals bearded; sepals subulate. 

 Woods, New Bruns. to Sask. and Rocky Mts., to Ala. 

 and Ariz. 



DDD. Petals a uniform white or cream-color. 



34. striata, Ait. Plants cespitose, often 2 ft. high at 

 maturity in summer, the sts. angular and leafy: Ivs. 

 nearly or quite glabrous, ovate to orbicular, cordate, 

 mostly acuminate, closely crenate-serrate ; stipules 

 large and fimbriate: fls. white or cream-colored, long- 

 stalked; sepals linear-lanceolate and ciliolate; spur 

 thick and blunt. Shady places, N. Y. to Minn., Ga. 

 and Mo. 



DDDD. Petals usually violet-blue. 



35. conspersa, Reichb. (F. canlna var. Muhlenbergii, 

 Gray). Plant glabrous, 3-6 in. high, with oblique often 

 much-branched rootstock: lower Ivs. cordate-orbicular, 

 obtuse, crenate-serrate, not large (%-lJ-i in. wide); 

 upper Ivs. rather smaller and somewhat acuminate: 

 fls. many, pale violet (running to white), overtopping 

 the foliage; lateral petals bearded; spur 2-4 lines long; 

 sepals acute. Que. to Minn, and Ga., in low or shaded 

 places. 



36. rostrata, Pursh. Fig. 3944. Glabrous or nearly so, 

 4-8 in. high, the sts. often numerous and plant forming 

 a small clump: Ivs. orbicular to broad-ovate, cordate, 

 the upper ones acute, all serrate: fls. lilac with darker 

 spots; petals beardless; spur long (M~Mii.) and slen- 

 der; cleistogamous fls. later on short axillary peduncles. 

 A distinct and attractive species, in open woods and on 

 hillsides, Que. to Mich, and southward. 



3945. Viola Sheltonii. ( X 1 A) 



cc. Species western, found only west of the 100th meridian. 

 D. Lvs. not dissected: petals yellow inside, the 2 upper 



madder-brown outside. 



37. sarmentSsa, Douglas. Prostrate plants with thick- 

 ened rootstocks and numerous long leafy runners: Ivs. 

 small, roundish cordate, deep green above but often rusty 

 beneath, closely crenate, shorter than the peduncles: 

 fls. light yellow, the lower petal somewhat purple- 

 veined; spur short and broad. Along the Pacific coast. 



