WITLOOF 



WOODWARDIA 



3519 



covered to the crowns. Various materials may be used 

 for holding and bleaching the heads during their growth ; 

 8 inches of clear sand is a good medium. This may be 

 placed on the bedding material as soon as the roots 

 are set. One or more free applications of water should 



4007. Woodwardia 

 orientalis. 



be made. From 50 to 60 F. 

 is a desirable temperature, the 

 latter probably preferable since growth is 

 slower at the lower temperature. Higher 

 temperature than 60 for any considerable 

 period causes the leaves to shoot up rapidly 

 and decreases the proportion of solid heads. 

 At these temperatures the leaves should begin to show 

 through the 8 inches of sand in about two weeks, when 

 the heads are ready for harvesting. 



In the Geneva tests four grades or sizes of roots were 

 used: extra, averaging 2 inches in diameter, large, 1.4 

 inches, medium, 0.9 inch, and small, 0.6 inch. Of these 

 the large and medium roots gave more than 70 per cent 

 of marketable heads, while the extra roots produced 

 too many divided and loose heads, or heads too large to 

 serve satisfactorily as individual portions at table. The 

 small roots produced many small heads, too slender for 

 market purposes. The heads should be 4 to 6 inches 

 long, and weigh two to three ounces to suit the market 

 best. In Europe they are packed in baskets holding ten 

 kilograms; but a three-pound Climax basket makes a 

 satisfactory package for American markets. L. H. B. 



WITSENIA (named after Nicholas Witsen, Dutch 

 patron of botany in first half of ISth century). Irida- 

 cese. An ornamental greenhouse shrub with erect 

 ensiform Ivs. which are equitant; subsessile fls. with a 

 cylindrical tubed perianth, which has erect connivent 

 lobes and a 3-celled ovary which becomes a shiny 

 leathery caps. Only one species from S. Afr., W. 

 Maura, Thunb., which is not in cult. B.R. 5. P.M. 8: 

 221. The plant known in horticulture as W. corym- 

 bosa, Ker, is more correctly named Nirenia corymbosa, 

 Baker. St. tall, woody at base, branched, compressed, 

 acutely angled: Ivs. erect, rather rigid, ensiform and 

 equitant, upper ones smaller: fls. 1 (or 2 ?) to a spathe, 

 subsessile; perianth purplish blue, tube elongated, 

 cylindrical, lobes erect, connivent, outer ones rather 

 thick, tomentose outside, inner ones shorter; spathes 

 usually 2 to an axil. S. Afr. G. 32:739. Gn. 72, p. 375. 



WITTIA (named for X. Witt, of Manaos, Brazil). 

 Cactacex. Epiphytic spineless flat-stemmed plants: fls. 

 rather small, not fugacious, with a very definite tube; 

 lobes much shorter than the tube. In some respects 

 similar to Rhipsalis, but with very different fls.: per- 

 haps closest to Disocactus. Three species. 



panamensis, Brit. & Rose. This species has recently 

 been grown in Washington and the New York Botanical 

 Garden, blooming freely every spring. St. much flat- 

 tened, erect: fls. purple, 1 in. or more long. Native 

 of Panama. J. N. ROSE. 



WITTMACKIA (named for L. Wittmack, professor 

 at Berlin). Bromeliacex. Tall herbs: Ivs. with relatively 

 small thorns, never banded: infl. arising from the lf.- 

 rosette, with membranous sheaths, often nodding or 

 hanging, compound panicled with long many-fld. race- 

 mose branches: calyx free or slightly adnate, the right 

 side strongly winged; petals free, linear, acuminate, 

 without scales: fr. a dry berry. About 5 species, Cent, 

 and S. Amer. This genus has sometimes been referred 

 to JSchmea; see BiUbergia for cult. W. lingulata, Mez. 

 Lvs. about 10 in a rosette, firm, strap-shaped, rounded, 

 shortly cuspidate, about 2 ft. long, 2^ in. wide, 

 spines short, broad-based, about 3 lines apart: 

 scape floccose when 3 r oung; sheaths lanceolate; pani- 

 cle pinnately branched: fls. numerous, sessile; sepals 

 white, ovate, bearing an awn nearly 1 line long; 

 petals yellow, ovate from an oblong base; ovary 

 glabrous, rather cylindrical. W. Indies. B.M. 8056. 



WOOD BETONY: Slachys Betonica. Woodbine: In England, 

 Lonicera Pfriclymenum; in America, Parthenocissus quinquefolia. W. 

 Lily: Trillium. Woodruff: Aspentla. W. Sorrel: Oxali* Acetosella. 



WOODS, IN LANDSCAPE: Planting, VoL V, page 2662. 



WOODSIA (after Joseph Woods, an English botan- 

 ist, 1776-1864). Polypodiacex. A genus of mainly 

 rock-loving ferns characterized by their inferior indu- 

 sium, which is attached beneath the sorus, inclosing it 

 at first but soon splitting into star-like lobes, and later 

 hidden beneath the sorus. Some 15 species are known, 

 of which 7 grow wild in this country. The following 

 native species are sometimes cult, in borders. Treat- 

 ment given other hardy ferns will suit them well. Both 

 grow best amongst rocks. 



ilvensis, R. Br. Growing in rosettes or tufts: lf.- 

 stalks dark, polished, jointed about J^in. from the 

 rootstock; If. -blades 3-8 in. long, 1 in. or more wide, 

 bipinnatifid; segms. crowded, obscurely crenate: sori 

 confluent when old. Eu. and N. Amer. north of Va. 



obtusa, Torr. Lvs. clustered, 6^15 in. long, 2-4 in. 

 wide, minutely glandular-hairy, bipinnate; pinnse rather 

 remote, triangular-ovate. New England to Anz. 



W. glaJillla, R. Br., and W. alpina. Gray, are two rare alpine 

 hardy species which have been offered. They are of interest only 

 as rarities in large collections. R BENEDICT.! 



WO6DWARDIA (Thomas J. Woodward, an English 

 botanist). Polypodiacex. CHAIN FERX. A group of 

 rather coarse-foliaged ferns of diverse habit and struc- 

 ture, but all bearing the sori in rows arranged parallel 

 to the midrib like links of sausages. See Fern. 



A. Lvs. of two sorts, the veins everywhere forming areoles. 

 aieolata, Moore (W. angustifblia, Smith). Sterile Ivs. 

 deltoid-ovate, with numerous oblong-lanceolate sinuate 

 pinnae; sporophylls with narrowly linear pinnae 3-4 in. 

 long. Mich, to Fla., mostly near 

 the coast. Often and probably 

 better separated under a distinct 

 genus, Lorinseria, on account of its 

 different Ivs. and habit of growth. 



AA. Los. uniform. 



B. Veins forming one or more 

 series of areoles. 



radicans, Smith. Lvs. rising 

 from a short erect st., 3-5 ft. long, 

 gracefully curved; pinna? 8-15 in. 

 long, 2-4 in. wide, pinnatifid nearly 

 to the midrib. The true TT. radi- 

 cans from Eu. bears scaly buds 

 toward the apex of the If. and 

 roots to form new plants. The 

 Californian and Mexican species, Woodwardia virginica. 

 which has often been referred to (XH) 



