X 



XANTHISMA (Greek, dyed yellow, referring to the 

 color of the flowers). Compdsite. Summer-blooming 

 yellow-flowered composites. 



Annuals or biennials, with alternate, usually entire, 

 narrow Ivs.: fls. all fertile, exclusively radiate: achenes 

 top-shaped, 4-5-ribbed or angled; pappus persistent, 

 composed of 10 or 12 rigid 

 bristles which are minutely 

 scabrous above, gradually 

 chaffy - dilated toward the 

 base, and longer than the 

 disk-corolla, as many more 

 one-half shorter, and usually 

 5 still smaller and shorter 

 external ones. Two species, 

 of easy cult. 



texanum, DC. (Centaurid- 

 ium Drummondii, Torr. & 

 Gray). Fig. 4011. Nearly 

 glabrous biennial or annual, 

 1-4 ft. high: Ivs. narrowly 

 oblong to lanceolate; st.-lvs. 

 entire or with a few teeth 

 toward the apex: fls. attaining 

 a diam. of 2 in. even in the 

 wild, very showy, composed 

 of a small disk and about 20 

 rather slender rays. On prai- 

 ries, Texas. Suitable for dry 

 open places. In cult, treated 

 like a hardy annual, the seed 

 being sown in the open 

 border early in spring. The 

 second species, X. Berland- 

 icri. Small (X. texanum var. 

 Berlandieri, Gray), also of the 

 prairies in Texas, is probably 

 not cult. X. TATLOR.| 



XANTHOCERAS (Greek, 

 xanthos, yellow, and keras, 

 horn, alluding to the yellow 

 horn-like processes of the 

 disk). Sapindacese. Orna- 

 mental shrub planted for its 

 showy racemes of white flow- 

 ers and also for the hand- 

 some pinnate foliage. 



Deciduous: Ivs. alternate, 

 odd - pinnate, with narrow 

 serrate If ts. : fls. polygamous, 

 the upper ones of the terminal 

 raceme pistillate, the lower 

 ones staminate, those of the 

 lateral racemes staminate, 

 with rarely a few pistillate 

 ones at the apex; sepals and petals 5; disk with 4 sub- 

 erect cylindric horns about half as long as stamens; 

 stamens 8; ovary superior, 3-lqculed, with a rather 

 short, thick style: fr. a caps., with thick walls dehis- 

 cent into 3 valves, each locule with several globose, 

 dark brown seeds. One species from N. China, allied 

 to Ungnadia and Koelreuteria. 



A very handsome shrub or sometimes a small tree 

 with rather finely pinnate dark green and glossy 

 foliage which is not attacked by insects and retains its 



4011. Xanthisma texanum. (XM) 



bright color until frost sets in, and with showy white 

 flowers appearing in upright profusely produced racemes 

 with the leaves on last year's branches. The large 

 greenish fruits are similar to those of the buckeye. It is 

 hardy as far north as Massachusetts and is well suited 

 for solitary planting on the lawn. Xanthoceras is also 

 sometimes used for forcing. 

 It is not very particular as to 

 soil. A porous loamy soil and 

 a sunny position seem to suit 

 it best. Propagation is by 

 seeds, stratified and sown in 

 spring, and by root-cuttings, 

 which succeed best with 

 moderate bottom-heat. 



sorbifolia, Bunge. Figs. 

 4012, 4013. Shrub or small 

 tree, attaining 15 ft. with 

 rather stout upright branches, 

 glabrous: Ivs. 6-12 in. long; 

 fits. 9-17, usually opposite, 

 sessile, narrow-elliptic to lan- 

 ceolate, sharply serrate, dark 

 green above, paler beneath, 

 1-2 in. long: racemes 6-10 in. 

 long: fls. on slender pedicels, 

 white, about %in. across, 

 each petal with a blotch at 

 the base changing from yel- 

 low to red: fr. green, 13^-2J^ 

 in. long; seeds Y<im. across. 

 May. N. China. B.M. 6923. 

 F.S. 18:1899. R.H. 1872: 

 290; 1898, p. 356. Gn. 8, p. 

 524 (col. pi. not numbered); 

 34, p. 372; 50, p. 227; 63, p. 

 407; 65, p. 412; 71, p. 298; 

 76, p. 121. G.C. II. 26:205; 

 III. 2:274,275; 11:533; 17: 

 197; 58:90. G. 27:83; 37: 

 121. J.H. III. 48:424; 49:210. 

 G.F. 6:285. A.F. 3:109; 12: 

 36. A.G. 18:357. Gng. 2: 

 292, 293; 3:289; 12:610, 611. 

 Mn. 1, p. 27. F.E. 17:389. 

 M.D.G. 1900:592, 593; 1909: 

 499. G.W. 12, p. 425. I.H. 

 24:295. Gn. W. 21:429. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



XANTHORRHlZA: Zanthorhiza. 



XANTHORRHCEA (Greek, 

 yellow flow, referring to the 

 resin which exudes from the 

 trunks). Lttiacex. Persistent 

 perennials with a thick woody caudex, adapted to 

 greenhouse culture and which have been tried out-of- 

 doors in the extreme South. 



Caudex very short to arborescent: lys. in a dense 

 tuft at the top of caudex, long-linear, brittle, spreading 

 or recurved: scape or peduncle terminal, often several 

 feet long, terminating in a dense cylindrical spike: fls. 

 greenish, numerous, sessile; perianth persistent, segms. 

 6, 3 outer glume-like, erect, concave or almost hood- 

 shaped at the top, 3 inner much thinner, erect with the 



(3521) 



