THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 



PAPPAN, MIAS-RAMBI, and MIAS-KASSU, the third of which is smaller, has no cheek-excrescences, 

 and very large teeth. Some naturalists recognise a pale and a dark race. 



Most of our information is due to Raja Brooke and Dr. Wallace. The species is confined to 

 Borneo and Sumatra, but fossils have been found in India of this genus, as well as of a chim- 

 panzee. The orang is less man-like than the chimpanzee and gorilla. In height the male varies 

 from 3 feet 10 inches to 4 feet 6 inches, the female being a few inches shorter. ' It is a heavy 

 creature, with large head often a foot in breadth thick neck, powerful arms, which reach nearly 

 to the ankles, and protuberant abdomen. Its legs are short and bowed. The forehead is high, 

 the nose fairly large, the ears very human. The throat is ornamented with large pouches, and 

 there are often callosities on the cheeks. The fingers are webbed, the thumb small, the foot long 

 -_. . .'_ and narrow, the great toe 



small and often without a 

 nail. The brain is man like, 

 and the ribs agree in number 

 with those of man ; but there 

 are nine bones in the wrist, 

 whereas man, the gorilla, and 

 the chimpanzee have but 

 eight. The canine teeth are 

 enormous in the male. The 

 hair, a foot or more long on 

 the shoulders and thighs, is 

 yellowish red : there is a 

 slight beard. The skin is 

 gray or brow'n, and often, in 

 adults, black. 



The orang is entirely a 

 tree-living animal, and is only 

 *M found in moist districts where 

 .jrjrj^ jpr~ ^ there is much virgin forest. 



^B in// i ^^^^ On the ground * P r s resses 



clumsily on all-fours, using 

 its arms as crutches, and with 

 the side only of its feet on the 

 ground. In trees it travels 

 deliberately but with perfect 

 ease, swinging along under- 

 neath the branches, although 

 it also walks along them semi-erect. It lives alone with mate and young, and builds a sleeping 

 place sufficiently low to avoid the wind. Its food is leaves and fruit, especially the durian ; its 

 feeding-time, midday. 



No animal molests the mias save so say the Dyaks the python and crocodile, both of 

 which it kills by tearing with its hands. It never attacks man, but has been known to bite 

 savagely when brought to bay, and it is very tenacious of life, one being found by Mr. Wallace 

 still alive after a fall from a tree, when " both legs had been broken, its hip-joint and the root of 

 the spine shattered, and two bullets flattened in neck and jaws." 



In captivity young orangs are playful and docile, but passionate. Less intelligent than 

 chimpanzees, they may be taught to eat and drink nicely, and to obey simple commands. One 

 in the Zoo at present has acquired the rudiments of drill. They will eat meat and eggs, and 

 drink wine, beer, spirits, and tea. An orang described years ago by Dr. Clarke Abel was allowed 



Photo by Ottomar Anschutx,"] 



YOUNG ORANG-UTANS 



[Berlin 



It will be seen here, from the profile, that the young anthropoid ape has only the upper part of 

 the head at all approaching the human type 



