432 THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 



, F.Z.S.] 



KING-PENGUIN 



This is one of the largest of the Penguins 



notably the Falklands, Ker- 

 guelen, and Tristan d'Acunha. 

 In size penguins vary greatly. 

 The largest is the EMPEROR- 

 PENGUIN of the Antarctic seas ; 

 scarcely smaller is the KlNG- 

 PENGUIN of Kerguelen Island. 

 The emperor-penguin stands 

 some 3.]- feet high, and may 

 weigh as much as 78 Ibs The 

 GENTLE PENGUiN,or"Johnny" 

 of the sailors, is next in size, 

 being but little smaller than 

 the king-penguin ; this species 

 inhabits Kerguelen Island and 

 the Falklands. The CRESTED 

 PENGUINS, or ROCK-HOPPERS, 

 of which there are several 

 species, are much smaller ; they 

 occur in the Falkland Islands, 

 New Zealand, and the Antarc- 

 tic. The South African form 

 is known as the BLACK-FOOTED 



Its nearest allies are HUMBOLD.T'S PENGUIN of Western South America, and the 

 PENGUIN of the Falklands. The smallest of all is the little BLUE PENGUIN of South 

 and New Zealand, standing only 17 inches high. 



THE TUBE-NOSED BIRDS 



UNTIL recently these birds were believed to be closely related to the Gulls, but it is 

 now generally agreed that they are really distant relatives of the Divers and Penguins. The 

 association with the Gulls was pardonable, for they certainly bear a superficial resemblance 

 to them. The birds now under discussion may be readily distinguished from the Gulls by the 

 fact that the nostrils open into a tube on the top of the beak, or a pair of tubes, one on 

 either side hence the name of the group. Like the Gulls, they are sea-birds and web-footed. 

 Their young are downy and for a time helpless. One egg is laid, which is white, and in some 

 cases spotted with red at the large end. As a rule no nest is made, but the egg laid on the 

 bare ground, in a hole or burrow or in crevices of rocks. The Albatrosses build a nest of 

 earth, tufts of grass, and moss, the whole structure raising the sitting-bird well above the 

 ground. The Giant and Fulmar Petrels also build nests. The albatross is said by Professor 

 Moseley to hold the egg in a pouch while sitting, as in the case of the king-penguin. The 

 nature of this pouch has never been described. 



Although occurring in the seas of all parts of the world, the Southern Hemisphere must 

 be regarded as their headquarters, since here the greatest number of species are found. All are 

 carnivorous, and with the exception of one small group, the Diving-petrels of the Strait of 

 Magellan are birds of powerful flight. A large number of species belong to this group, but 

 an enumeration of all would be wearisome. A few of the more striking have, therefore, been 

 selected for description. 



THE ALBATROSSES 



It was an albatross which brought such woe upon the ancient mariner whose pitiful story 

 is so feelingly told by Coleridge. But the tables are occasionally turned, for men falling 

 overboard in southern seas are liable to be attacked by these powerful giants. The albatross 

 is mostly renowned for its majestic flight. Mr. Froude has given us a wonderful description 



PENGUIN 

 JACKASS- 

 Australia 



