454 THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 



fish, with the result that it is killed instantly 

 by the shock of the contact. 



Gannets breed in colonies of thousands on 

 the islands off the cast and west coasts of Scotland. 

 They lay but a single egg, in a nest composed 

 of seaweed deposited in inaccessible crags of pre- 

 cipitous cliffs. The young are at first naked; 

 later they become clothed with long white down. 

 " At one time," says Mr. Howard Saunders, "young 

 gannets were much esteemed as food, from 1,500 

 to 2.OOO being taken in a season during the month 

 of August. They are hooked up, killed, and flung 

 into the sea, where a boat is waiting to pick 

 up the bodies. These are plucked, cleaned, and 

 half roasted, after which they are sold at from 



Fhttt by Scflolailic Phato. Cs.] [Panon'i Grtfr. 



YOUNG GANNETS, FIRST YEAR 



The f/umage at this stage is very dark broiun, each feather 

 being tiffed ivith white 



eightpence to a shilling each. . . . The fat is 

 boiled down into oil, and the feathers, after being 

 well baked, are used for stuffing beds, about a 

 hundred birds producing a stone of feathers." 



Gannets present one or two structural pecu- 

 liarities of sufficient interest to mention here. 

 In most birds, it will be remembered, the nostrils 

 open on each side of the beak ; but in the gannet 

 no trace of true nostrils remains ; and the same 

 may almost be said of the cormorant and darter. 



fhatt b; Sthclaitll Fhels. C 



[Purt,n, 0>/n 



We;. it SiMaitu Ph:v. c..] I /.,.,, , ( ,,,,,, 



GANNET, FULL PLUMAGE 



The fully adult flumage is not attained till the bird is three 

 yean old 



GANNET, SECOND YEAR 



The iv hite plumage of the neck is just beginning to appear 



In gannets, however, a slight indication of their 

 sometime existence remains, though the nostril 

 itself no longer serves as an air-passage; and 

 these birds are compelled to breathe through the 

 mouth. Again, the tongue, like the nostrils, 

 has also been reduced to a mere vestige. 

 Stranger still is the fact that immediately under 

 the skin there lies an extensive system of air- 

 cells of large size, which can be inflated or 

 emptied at will. Many of these cells dip down 

 between the muscles of the body, so that the 

 whole organism is pervaded with air-cells, all of 

 which are in connection with the lungs. 



The FRIGATE- and Ti ITIC-BIRDS, which now 

 remain to be described, are probably much less 

 familiar to our readers than the foregoing species. 



