THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 



the wings, and is common in gardens and orchards in summer and autumn. The caterpillar, 

 which feeds on nettle, is brown or black, with yellow stripes and spines. The TAWNY ADMIRAL 

 is a North American butterfly, remarkable for its resemblance to the larger butterfly called 

 the Monarch, of which we have already spoken. The Danaids and Long-winged Butterflies 

 have tough integuments and a disagreeable odour, which more or less protects them from 

 birds. Many other butterflies belonging to other families have a superficial resemblance to 

 these, and are believed to share in their immunity. This phenomenon is technically called 

 "mimicry." The caterpillar of the tawny admiral is grey and black, with curious spiny tufts. 



Photts by J. Edwards] 



LARGE COPPER BUTTERFLY (MALE, 

 FEMALE, AND UNDERSIDE) 



[Ccltsbcrne 



DUSKY COPPER BUTTERFLY (MALE, 

 FEMALE, AND UNDERSIDE) 



Taken near Ilfracombe t August, 1887. 



The group of the SATYRS contains a great variety of moderate-sized brown or tawny 

 butterflies, usually with round spots centred with white towards the margins of the wings. 

 Many species are common in meadows ; others, which are dark brown or black, with red, white- 

 centred marginal spots, are numerous in mountainous countries, and two species are found in 

 the north of England and Scotland. The caterpillars of the Satyrs are usually smooth and 

 green, with a forked tail, and the pupae are formed on the surface of the ground. 



The great BLUE BUTTERFLIES of South America form another group of Brush-footed 

 Butterflies. 



The second family is almost entirely American, and is only represented in England by 

 a brown butterfly about an inch in expanse, called the DUKE OF BURGUNDY FRITILLARY. The 



