STAG-CHAFFER. 2 



deeper colour, and exhibits in a striking manner 

 the rudiments of the large extended jaws and 

 broad head so conspicuous in the perfect insect: 

 the legs are also proportionally larger and longer 

 than in the larva state. The ball of earth in which 

 this chrysalis is contained is considerably larger 

 than a hen's egg, and of a rough exterior surface, 

 but perfectly smooth and polished within. The 

 chrysalis lies about three months before it gives 

 birth to the complete insect, which usually 

 emergvs in the months of July and August. The 

 time however of this insect's growth and appear- 

 ance in all its states varies much, according to the 

 difference of seasons. It is not very uncommon 

 in many parts of England. 



The commonly supposed female differs so much 

 in appearance from the male, that it has by some 

 authors been considered as a distinct species. It 

 is not only smaller than the former, but totallv 

 destitute of the long and large ramified jaws, in- 

 stead of which it has a pair of very short curved 

 ones, slightly denticulated on their inner side: 

 the head is also of considerably smaller diameter 

 than the thorax. In point of colour it resembles 

 the former. Among those who consider it as a 

 distinct species may be numbered the ingenious 

 Mr. Marsham, F. L. S. who, in his Entomologia 

 Britannica, assures us that the real female insect 

 extremely resembles the male, but is smaller, and 

 wants the larger denticulation on the inner side 

 of each horn. The generally supposed female he 

 distinguishes by the title of Lucanus hiermis. L. 



