202 NYROCA POCHARD. 



neck, breast, and sides are very bright brownish-red : 

 round the neck is a small collar of deep brown : be- 

 neath the under mandible is an angulated spot of 

 pure white : the back and wings are blackish-brown, 

 glossed with purple ; these parts are sprinkled with 

 small red dots : the speculum on the wing is white, 

 tipped with black : the belly and under tail-coverts 

 are pure white : the tarsi and toes are bluish-ash ; the 

 membranes black. The female is less : the top of the 

 head, the neck, the breast, and the sides are brown, 

 but all the feathers are tipped with bright reddish : 

 the feathers on the upper parts of the plumage are 

 blackish, tipped with clear brown : there is not any 

 collar round the neck : the rest of the plumage re- 

 sembles that of the male. The young of the year 

 have the top of the head of a blackish-brown : all the 

 feathers on the upper parts of the plumage are bor- 

 dered and tipped with reddish-brown : the white on 

 the belly is shaded with clear brown. 



The trachea of the male of this species is extremely 

 narrow in its diameter, especially immediately be- 

 neath the glottis and towards the lower larynx ; in 

 the middle it is as large again : the lower larynx 

 forms on the right side a bony protuberance, and on 

 the left a tumid labyrinth composed of bony rami- 

 fications, which are covered with a membrane on the 

 outside, but the part attached to the tube is entirely 

 bony. 



Inhabits the large lakes and rivers of the eastern 

 parts of Europe, migrating regularly into Germany, 

 and occasionally into Holland, France, and England ; 

 but in the latter country very rarely, and only during 



