Introduction to * [jiiiiial Morphology* \ \ 7 



n id iv? tree-like; Inculi divided by a few dissepiments, obli- 

 terating part of the calyx; budding lateral; coenenchyma 

 abundant, not distinct from the tlu-civ ; septa generally \\-\\ \ 

 usually with a eolumelhi ; costiv as slriations or granules; 

 septa may be- unequal (Oculinince), or equal (Stylasterii 

 with (Axohelia) or without costce ; ]>ali may form one 

 or more circlets around the columella, or this 

 la>! may be absent (Trymohelia). 5. Astracidcu single or 



.pound, with no true cujnenchyma nor synapticulce ; each 



theca joined directly to its neighbour, or united by its largely 



developed co>uv, or by exothecal dissepiments; endothecal 



dissepiments numerous at the base ; septa many, often in- 



complete within, smooth (Eusmilinae) or spinose (Astraeinx) ; 



tin- former group mav have single corallites (Trochosmilia\ 



or many multiply by incomplete fission (Euphylliaceae), or 



gemmation (Stylinaceae). Astraeinae contains five groups: 



Lithophylliacea simple, ciespitose or labyrinthosc ; Fa\ i;i 



reproducing fissi])arously, each calyx retaining its indivi- 



duality; Astneacea massive, reproducing by gemmation; 



Cladocoracea,' tree-like, budding laterally; Astrangiac\e 



budding from stolons, or from the base, with short stocks. 



loporida; lamellar; gemmation sub-basilar ; coral- 



,a base by a spinose cccnenchyma. 7. Meruli- 



nidx 1 , with no ccenenchyma nor synapticula.- ; thcca per- 



. with dissepiments ; septa imperforate. 8. Fungmhv 



simph- or compound ; theciv feeble, porous, or none, with no 



piments nor tabula?, and many wart-like or spinose 



ipticulae ; gemmation basil ; the septa are porous, toothed, 

 or echinulated along their frc'e edges, as are the thecrc in 

 Fungin:e. not in LoplnM-rin;e. 



< )r Ainipatbari;i /w 



.1 terms \\itb n< sderodermic deposits of lime, 



but a solid, often black, axis scb-rubasis . 1 IK- 



x short broad tentacles. 



nchyma contains silic.-diis bodies, 



'ring it granular ( Lriupatht-N ' ; its brant ho may unite 

 1. ^Arachn(Ji)athrs), or Ian ' l\hi].idoiathes . or 



