Introduction to Animal Morphology. 1 2 1 



quadrangular rachis, with spiculigerous tentacles, and no 

 pinnce (Pavonaria) ; or on thick pinnae alone (Scytalium). 

 Funiculina and Halipterus have no pinnae ; the former has 

 dorsal zooids and eight-toothed calyces along its rod-like 

 axis ; the latter has lateral zooids with two-toothed cups. 

 t'mbellularia has a long sterile axis, and the zooids, at first 

 simple, symmetrical, become grouped (20-30) in an umbrella 

 at the upper end. Pennatula and some of its allies are lumi- 

 nous, the light inhering in eight cords, consisting of vesicles 

 containing fat and multipolar cells (Panceri), on the outer 

 surface of the stomach of the zooids, continued in the buccal 

 membrane. 



2. Renillidoe have a kidney-shaped, parenchymatous, 

 laminar stock (a single pinnule), with the retractile zooids on 

 one side : no solid axis. 



3. Veretillidie axis elongated, quadrangular, having re- 

 tractile zooids on its entire surface ; its lower part bulbous, 

 naked (Lituaria), or soft ; longitudinally divided into four 

 tubes by two intersecting membranes, with a calcareous axis 

 in the lower part of the stem (Cavernularia) ; or simple, fleshy, 

 with a rudimental, membranous (Sarcobelemnon), or boat- 

 shaped axis. A primordial Australian form (Pseudogorgia 

 Godefroyi) has simple rows of polyps, each on a warty pro- 



ion of the polypieroid, and no trace of an inner, horny, or 



;s axis, but a broad, single, central canal, a pro- 



longation of the combined somatic cavities. There are two 



long, slender, and six short, thick mesenteric filaments. This 



is a p -rm to Briarcaceae. 



-ibly the dub-shaped Kophnbelemnon. with thin cal- 

 and no pinnules, should be the type- of a separate 

 family linking Ycretillicke to the true sea-pens. 



ler 4. Gorgonaceae rooted; usually branched 

 i with minutely-ridged, flexible sclerobase; often 



with characteristic <-n<l.-nmic spicules (dermosclcrites) ; 



nftrn 



Three famii included: i. IVimnoitkr- -cu-nen- 



ma, witli scaly sdrrites, and club-like /u"ml-bearin 



ikt- (Primnna, ; or spiimsc, with boat-shaped spiculcs and 



