240 Introduction to Animal Morphology. 



round opaque mass at one end of the body (nucleus) in 

 Sal pa, but not in Salpella. Anchinia has no muscular bands 

 for locomotion. 3. Doliolidse barrel-shaped, with equal, 

 regular, hoop-like, circular muscle-bands ; gill cavity flat. 

 4. I'vrosomatidx* stock a cylindrical tube open at om 

 made up of many individuals united ; each persona opens 

 outwards and inwards by its polar mouth and cloacal openings 

 respectively. The gill sac is like that of an Ascidian proper. 

 Kach egg develops four individuals, which rapidly multiply 

 l>v buds from the cmlostyle. 5. Kowalewskiidae heart, en- 

 dostyli-, and intestine absent; pharynx ciliated with four rows 

 of teeth, otherwise as in Appendicularia. 



Order 2. Chthonaseidia; (Brown) fixed, rarely imbedded 

 in sand or mud ; mouth ami cloacal opening at one end more 

 or less tubular, with the ganglion between them ; branchial 

 sat' regular, with many rows of gill slits. 



i. I'elonaiadiv imbedded in mud; individuals united, 

 with no In-art and symmetri. >rgans. 2. Ascidiadiu 



fixed . having a heart, undergoing melamorph< 



development: i:ns\ mmetrical. Chelyosoma is 



flat, and has the peculiar many-angled plat ribed. 



Khodosoma has a two-winged cul nia i.s long stalked, 



witli four rayed openings and (-.impound tenta< 'ingia 



is similar, with an irregular anus. Dendrodoa has a longitu- 

 dinallv folded gill sac and a tentacle crown, and one 

 ovary, while Cynthia has two and Pandocia has one ovarv 

 the right". Molgulahas no longitudinal folds in the branchial 

 membrane, an cight-lobcd mouth and a six-lobed cloaca? 

 opening. Phallusia has a six-lobed mouth and a four-lobed 

 atrial outlet. 3. Clavellinida? family stock branched, with 

 stalked personae, and often with common circulation. There 

 may be creeping stolons (Clavellina), or a single stolon with 

 a few individuals (Perophora), or in compound, greenish, 

 large masses (Syntethys). In Chondrostachysthe individuals 

 'like on an upright stem. 4. Botryllinidae com- 

 pound, usually forming an expanded, mucous, or spongy, 

 often lobed mas?, united by their common cutis, but without 

 common circulation. They are divided into three sub-fami- 

 lies : (a). Botryllince having the personce united around 



