376 Introduction to A n imal Morphology. 



glands ; rudimentary, membranous antennary jaws, but large 

 chelicerous mandibular palps ; they have a coiled intestine 

 and tracheae ; ocelli 2-4 (Obisium). Chelifer has a groove 

 on the cephalothorax, and is common in old books, on flies, 

 &c. 



3. Scorpiodea (Gcrstaecker) cephalothorax unjointed ; 

 abdomen of seven segments, with a six-jointed post-abdomen ; 

 mandibular palps as very large chelicene, with the inner angle 

 of the propodite elongated, to meet the dactylopodite ; an- 

 tennary ja\vs also claw-like ; respiration is by tracheal lungs, 

 with four stigmata on the ventral side of the third to sixth 

 abdominal ring, surrounded by raised edges or peritrcincs. 

 The last body-segment is narrow, cylindrical, with a terminal 

 perforate claw and poison-gland ; a pair of comb-like ap- 

 pendages (modified legs ?), with down-directed teeth, lie at 

 the base of the abdomen behind the last pair of legs ; these 

 are supposed to act in copulation (in the male) and oviposi- 

 tion (in the female). The males have more teeth in these 

 combs than the females ; they also have a longer post- 

 abdomen and flatter claws. They are viviparous, and produce 

 20-60 at once. Heterometrus afer reaches six inches in length. 



Sub-order 4. IVdipalpi (LatreilU) spider-like, with a ter- 

 minal claw on each two-jointed maxillary palp ; mandibular 

 palps with unequally long chelae, not capable of closure, as 

 the angle of the propodite is not sufficiently prolonged ; eyes 

 eight; abdomen with 11-12 segments, and no post-abdomen, 

 and four tracheal-lungs on the second and third abdominal 

 rings. Phrynus is viviparous. The abdomen and thorax are 

 more distinct than in true scorpions. There is no comb-like 

 appendix, nor poison apparatus. Thelyphonus has the three 

 hindmost joints of the body slender, ending in a long-jointed 

 tail process, and has an oval cephalothorax. Phrynus has 

 leg-like chelae and no tail. Nyctalops has a divided cepha- 

 lothorax, the first segment elongate, bearing the two anterior 

 pair of legs ; the hinder smaller. 



Sub-order 5. Galeodea cephalothorax four-jointed; ab- 

 domen long, ten-ringed ; antennary jaws scissors-like, with no 

 poison-gland, but a vesicular dilatation at base ; tracheal 

 stigmata on the second and third joint ; an abundant hair 



