Introduction to A nimal MorpJh . 3 85 



(labium\ sometimes palpiferous. The united cardines 

 of this pair of maxillae form the chin or vicntum, in 

 front of which a tongue or ligula may be formed by 

 the union of stipes, squama, and mala. These parts 

 may be modified in diiferent ways as suctorial organs. 



The dorsal surface of each segment of an insect's thorax 

 is the pro-, ?mso-, or mcta-notum ; the under surface is the 

 pro-, mcso-, or mcta-stcrnum, and the sides arc called pit une, 

 each of which is divided transversely into a fore (scapula) and 

 hinder piece (epimerum). The mesonotum bears a some- 

 what triangular area (scutclluni), with two lateral areas or pa- 

 rapsides. Endothoracic projections exist at the sutures. 



-ially on the metanotum is the post-scutcllum. Sometimes 

 the thoracic segments are closely united, or the prothorax 

 may be free (prothorax liber) ; in this case alone is it large. 

 - articulate in cavities (act/abula) between the sternum 

 and pleura?. The first part of the leg is the coxa, more or 

 -unk in the acetabulum ; next follows a ring or trochanfer 

 to articulate with the next joint, or femur ; then follows the 

 tibia, often with a movable projecting spur (calenr) ; and lastly 

 the tarsus, of several joints, carrying at its end two, rarely one 

 claw, and often dermal folds between (pseudonychia). Limbs 

 may be natatory and flattened, gressorial, fossorial, saltatory, 

 or raptorial. 



Dorsally articulated are the wings arising betw- 

 thr- notum and pleura) of the meso- and meta-thorax ; 

 that on the first is the fore-wing, that on the second 

 hind-wing. These are flattened saccular elonga- 

 tions of the integument, whose inner walls coalesce, 

 an-i :.-d and supported by thr r^.c/</- of thr 



win (ting 6f branches of trnrhr;p with a thick- 



ened rhitinous lining, and rhitini/rd externally. In 

 beet :nes thickly rhitini/rd. 



Hying I ' u l bmmirs an s/\-/n>n or wing 



cover. AVings may 1 pccially in 



2 C 



