Introduction to Animal Morphology. 



palp (Philopterus), or clavate, four-jointed, with (Liotheum) 

 or without a palp (Gyropus). This may be a sub-order of the 

 next. 



2. Rhynchota (Falricius) with or without wings ; mouth 

 suctorial ; labium elongated into a long, apparently jointed, 

 tube (raginj}, only open above at the base, where it is covered 

 by the opercular labrum. Within this the maxillae and man- 

 dibles are :.lt -red into sharp, protrusible, piercing setae; 

 maxillary palps none ; labial palps merged into the vagina ; 



- moderate, compound or simple ; the antennae are either 

 short, 2-3 jointed, and aristate, or long. When wings exist, 

 the fore pair are often, for at least half their extent, leathery 

 or horny, forming hcmichira or sheaths for the hinder pair. 

 The tarsus is usually 2-3 jointed ; the stigmata are ventral ; 

 there is no crop ; a long, often trifid, stomach ; the intestine 

 is usually tortuous, with four Malpighian tubes ; there is no 

 bursa copulatrix (except in Cicada, which has a double re- 

 ceptaculum seminis) ; the larvae, at the first moult, show the 

 rudiments of the wings ; many of them have odorous glands 

 on the metathorax or abdomen ; they are mostly retrogressive 

 forms, living on plant or animal juices, and include three 

 sub-orders : 



i. Pediculina (Burmeister) lice, wingless, amctabolic, 



with two ocelli and a sharp proboscis armed with recurved 



hooks; antennas thread-like, five-jointed; thorax obscurely 



ulus) ; extremely small in Fhthirius ; para- 



1 on mammalia. At least three species infest mankind : 

 culus capitis, the head-louse: P. vestimenti, and P. 



scentium, the louse which multiplies so rapidly in the 

 i'htliiriasis, of which Herod, Sulla, Honorius (King 

 of the Vandals), the Kmprmr Ariuilf, Philip II.. &c., died. 

 ;>inus is a common pig- and rattle-] 



/.'/) wings two or four, equal, Iving 



when at rest ; <>. 

 'ith usually turned back ; prothorax 



coni; i them. ; tin- f () ]. 



tly tropical, phj -us; 



- or mop i; proboscis, and nfu-n hind 



