Introduction to An Una I Morphology. 403 



flight ; tarsus three-jointed ; abdomen nine-ringed ; the 

 seventh and eighth are short in the female, and covered by the 

 sixth ; posteriorly is a forceps of two incurved processes on 

 both sexes. The female incubates her eggs. 



Order 6. Orthoptera (fan') hemimetabolic, with no 

 pupa stage; wings four, with reticulated costae ; when they 

 are unequal, the fore pair is small, pergamentaceous ; the 

 hinder membranous, broad and longitudinally folded ; mouth 

 masticator} 7 ; mandible toothed ; maxilla overhung by a helmet- 

 like, outer lamella (ga/t'a), with 5-y-jointed palps ; labium 

 completely cleft, its palps three-jointed ; the eyes are large, 

 and there are usually 2-3 ocelli and many-jointed antennce ; 

 the salivary glands have a receptaculum and 6-9 glandular 

 pouches opening into the stomach. There are many short 

 Malpighian tubes, and the ventral nerve cord is sometimes 

 curved, and longer than the sessile abdomen. Some have no 

 bursa copulatrix, but often a two-valved oviscapt formed of the 

 modified last abdominal rings ; larvae apterous, but win^s 

 appear at the fourth moult ; tracheal gills or circi amjlts are 

 often present. This polymorphic group includes the follow- 

 ing sections and families: i. Cursoria running forms, 

 including : i. Blattidze flat, oval ; head covered by the pro- 

 thorax ; antennae bristle-like ; tibiae spiny ; tarsus five-jointed ; 

 wing covers overlapping medially ; abdomen with 9-10 dorsal, 

 and six (female) or eight (male) ventral rings. In Polyzostcria 

 both sexes, in Ileterogamia and Perisphaeria the females 

 alone, arc apterous. All but Blabera have a lobe between the 

 tarsal claws. Feriplaneta orientalis is the common cockroach. 



2. Gressoria, walkers. 2. Phasinidx body linear, roil- 

 like, with all the legs equal, and often lohale dilatations of the 

 femur and tibia ; tarsus live-jointed, with an accessory claw 

 the two normal cl :nicircular; upper lip 



mesothorax < 1; tropical, walk; 



: illllS l)lt!: 



ile alone lias win.^s in C'la<l< >xenus, and both in 

 ; i'hyllium. 3. Mantuhc 



:1 ; thorax and a 1 



i. sharp, raptorial. & .ah 



