Introduction to Animal Morphology. 409 



is parasitic on earwigs. Sarcophaga carnaria is the flesh-fly ; 

 M. domestica, the house-fly; Calliphora vomitoria, the blow- 

 fly, Lucilia Caesar, the gold-fly, with glistening emerald green 

 wings ; Glossina morsitans, the Tsetze of Africa ; Anthomyia 

 and Scatophaga are the dung-flies. About 8000 species of flies 

 are known. 5. (Estridae, Gadflies : bots antennce short, wart- 

 like, with a naked arista ; proboscis rudimental ; larvoe with 

 recurved hooks on the edges of their wings. The eggs of 

 Gastrophilus equi, laid on horses,. &c., are licked by them, 

 and develop in the digestive canal. Hypoderma, the deer 

 and ox bot, has no larval hooks. 



Obtectce pupa inclosed in a separate case, like that 

 of Lepidoptera. These form two sub-sections : i. Brachy- 

 cera, with short antennae, not more than three-jointed, of 

 which, however, the last may be complex. This includes two 

 groups, one with the proboscis short, the other (Brachysto- 

 mata); the other with it long (Tanystomata). The former 

 includes five families: i. Scenopinidae : Window-flies 

 abdomen flat ; maxillae rudimental; larvce thread-like. 2. Pla- 

 typezidce legs short ; pulvilli two ; found in mushrooms. 

 3. Dolichopodidae long-legged; pulvilli three. 4. Leptida: 

 maxilla and epipharynx free ; larva with two anal breathing 

 tubes. 5. Thercvidce tarsus with two pulvilli; pupa spiny. 

 Group 2. Tanystomata i. Asilidu: elongated; head ap- 

 pendaged. The united mandibles and epipharynx form a 

 piercer ; maxilla sharp ; labium pointed ; tarsus with two 

 pulvilli. 2. Kmpidiv head small ; proboscis variable in 

 *h, when long turned downwards, and with no terminal 

 valve; piercing organ as in the last, but liner; abdomen 



I. i. Bombiliidffi antcnnce 



, three-jointed, sometimes far ap.r -, conni- 



vent in the males; proboscis somel ' !'ng as the 



Yi with brisllf-like piercers; abdomen often ' '--7- 



. in whose nests they 

 like bristles. Umnbylius is like a 1 



four times the length of the 

 !ianid:u- with three joints, anmilated, 



:rel ; mandibles pre- 

 only in | ;he half tubular 



