The Wines of the Ancient ()rient. 



quenching beverage"'. Whether the beverage called ibb.t, 

 r-\x~i I Y is a wine-brand remains doubtful. The same 



doubt exists as to h^w/i.t, \1/ ^^ O- Since it is found in 



one passage 2 together with th, ^Qi "intoxicating beverage", 



i. e., wine, it is doubtless a drink, eitlier a special brand of beer 

 or wine, and it is not the name of a special drinking-vessel. 



The inscriptions further mention the w/^-wine, ^^^^^ 'Y6dY\ i. e., 



dark wine. In Pap. Anast., IV, 12, 11 a Semitic loanword occurs 

 which refers to the wine-must as it comes from the wine-press. 



The word is tmrektv, \ v^ ^ i named together with 



irpzv, [ PI (^.y^, "wines", sd/nv, ^^o "viir "po"^egranate- 

 wine" and d/jzv, crs^i ^ ^Yi fig-wine ^. Ti[n)rktv is derived 



from ?Ti_'i, "to tread", "to press the grapes", (cf. CJi'^n C^D^ 

 "must" from ttj"]'^^ -f ocr, "to tread'^ according to Brugsch. 



Loret (in Rec. trav. XV, p. 105 IT.) considers \ 





to be a liquor prepared from dnrgB, ^ "^---^S^s "^^ 

 the fruit of which, according to Pap. Anast. Ill, 2, 3 4, has 

 the taste of honev: 1^ -^ '<:^ S "^ "^ ^ ^ il ^ 

 i\^0. He furthermore identifies the plant with the carob, 

 stating "en Egypte, et dans d'autres pays on fait encore de 



i) I P^ ^ 1 ^^ mentioned for the first time on the stele of Tetiankhni, 



in the Museum of Liverpool. See Maspero, Histoire, I (1895), p. 250; Gatty, 

 Catalogue of the Mayer Collection; 1. Egyptian Antiquities, No. 294, and Weil, 

 o. c, p. 240. 



2) In Dend. Mar. Hathor is called ^TZ^^P Q O ^ ^"^^ ^^. 

 i. e., "the mistress of intoxicatint,' drinks, the lady of hlwh.t'\ 



3) On (Ub, "fig-wine" see below p. 18. Written c-=^ // in Pyr. 



W 146a; crsrsj"^^^ N454a. 



4) See Brugsch, WB, s. v. 



