l5 Lutz, Viticulture and Brewing. 



ing water, for the purpose of presenting them for thee in 

 "Victorious Thebes" '. 



Since the Egyptians were piAoivoi'^, i. e., lov^ers of wine, 

 It is but natural that they expended their genius and their 

 time also on the preparation of all kinds of artificial wines. 

 The home production of grape-wine was never sufficient to 

 meet the home consumption. To meet this deficiency the}' 

 either imported foreign wines ', or else made their own arti- 

 ficial wines. The wine import into Egypt is well attestetl 

 in the inscriptions. Herodotus III, 6 mentions it. Twice 

 a year a considerable quantity of wine was received from 

 Phoenicia and Greece. In the ruins of Daphnae (modern Tell 



Defenneh or Tell ad-Dafifaneh , ancient g > j ., Hebr. 



onjEnri; the city was situated to the North of the caravan- 

 route between al-Kantara and as-Salihi\-eh) wine -jars of 

 distinctly Greek style were found, having been sealed with 

 the seals of Amasis (first half of 6th cent. B. C.)^. These wine- 

 jars were imported filled with wine. Herodotus also makes 

 the statement that the earthen jars, in which the wine vvas 

 imported, when emptied, were used for quite a different pur- 

 pose. They were then collected and sent to Memphis from 

 every part of Egypt and then, after these jars had been filled 

 with water, they were returned to Syria. Amongst the wines 

 imported into Egypt from Phoenicia figure largely those of 

 Tyre '" and Laodicea. The caravan-route which the Phoenician 

 wine-merchants travelled led from Gaza through the desert via 

 Raphia, Rhinokorura, Ostracine, past the station at mount Kasius 

 to Pelusium. The journey from Gaza to mount |Casius took 



1) See also Pap. Harris p. 27, 8: "I gave pomegranate-wine and wine ab 

 daily offerings, in order to present the land of On in thy splendid and myste- 

 rious seat". Cf. also line 9: "I made great gardens tor thee, fitted out, con- 

 taining their groves , bearing pomegranate-wine and wine in the great house 

 of Atum". During the thirty -one years of his reign, Ramses III. bestowed 

 514 vineyards. 



2) Athen. I, 34, b c. Athepaeus, Deipnos. 1, 35 "Dion academicus vino- 

 sos ac bibaces Aegyptios esse iniquit". 



3) Egypt, according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 28, exported 

 a little wine into Cana, of the kingdom of Eleazus, the frankincense countr} 



4) See Petrie, Nebesheh, 64. 5) Heliod. Aethiop. V, 27. 



