22 Lutz, Viticulture and Brewing. 



six jars of wine. The fifth year, Phamenoth, the fifth, the 

 fifth" 1. 



We turn next to the wines of Syria. Syria was the wine 

 country par excellence of the Ancient Near East 2. Its climate 

 invited the culture of the vine, and the Syrian wines were 

 considered most excellent 2. We have seen above that together 

 with Greece, Syria suppUed Egypt with a considerable quan- 

 tity of Avine^. In the tomb of Rekhmare, the Syrians are 

 represented as bringing their wines as tribute. At the time 

 of the XII. Dynasty, a region called Yaa in Syria is mentioned 

 as having more wine than water 5. Tothmes III. describes 

 the wine in the presses of Daha to have been "Hke running 

 water", or. "like a stream"''. The most famous wine of Syria 

 was, perhaps, that of Chalybon, which was exported from Da- 

 mascus to Tyre "^ and into Persia. It was the wine drunk by 

 the Persian kings, and preferred by them to the exclusion of any 

 other kind 8. The wine of Chalybon is mentioned also in the 



i) TeTe\(djvriTai) bi(oi) iruXli-ic) Kaivr|C p' Kai v' 

 Aupi]\(ioi;) TT\ouTd,u,uu)v 

 iffoiYUJv etri ovuu 4vi 

 oTvou Kepd(|nia) et. (exouc) e 

 Oauevubd irfeuTrTri) 

 e 



2) Pangeum in Syria is considered by Hesychius as one of the many 

 places claiming to be the birth-place of Dionysos. 



3) Ezek. 27, 18: Hos. 14, 7; Herod. Ill, 6; Athen., deipn. i; Strabo, geogr. 

 XVI; Pliny, hist. nat. XV, 9. * 



4) Herod. Ill, 6; Strabo, geogr. XVII. 



5) Tale af Sinuhe: (81) "there were ligs (82) in it and vines, more 

 plentiful than water was its wine". Sinuhe fmther narrates that following his 

 appointment as sheikh of the tribe by Emuienshi (87) "I portioned the bread 

 daily and wine (88) for every day". 



6) de Rouge, Rev. Arch., i860, p. 297; Lepsius, Auswahl, 12, 5; Sethe, 

 Urkunden IV, 687, lines 11 13. Daha [=*ilT; r[ri"(?)] is a name generally 

 used in a very vague sense. Partly it correspondents to Syria (and Phoenicia) 

 and partly to the Semitic Canaan. Its meaning cannot be narrowed to that 



of "Phoenicia". Daha wines, (1 \\\\ k\ n~] ^^ 1 ^^^ mentioned 



Pap. med. Berlin XI, i. 



7) Ezek. 27, 18; see also Delitzsch, Die Bibel und der Wein, p. 12. 



8) Herodotus (I, 188) narrates that the clear, goodtasting water of the 

 Choaspes formed the ordinary drink of the Persian kings. They used to take 



