AO Lutz, Viticulture and Brewing. 



city of'Ukbara. A famous wine was g^rown in the village of 

 Qutrabbul (Joyas)- Yaq. IV, I33, 4 states: "It is a village be- 

 tween Bagdad and 'Ukbara, from which originates a well-known 

 wine. It is a constant pleasure-resort for people who have 

 leisure, and a shop for wine-merchants; the poets frequently 

 make mention of it",: ^-^^ Us-c^^ *-r^-***^. ^j^^3 >1^jo ,j,^ isoyj 



l*^^. Hauqal 167 mentions the extensive vineyards about the 

 city of Samarra. Accordings to Johns, Assyy. Deeds and Docu- 

 ments, 362, 5 one single garden in Singara bore 2400 vinestalks. 

 Some vineyards about Harran numbered even 15000 and 

 29000 vinestalks (Johns, ^ Assyr. Doomsday Book, p. 29, Col. I, 

 lines 21 and 35). Idrisi states that vineyards were planted 

 along the river Hawaii ((Jl^^) which comes from Diyar Rebia' 

 (^^C-.O S^?)- These vineyards were probably tended to by 

 the Arabs, who lived in settled habitations on the banks of 

 this river ^ Regarding Susa, the ancient capital of Elam, the 

 classical writers assert that there were no vines at that place 

 before the conquest of Alexander. Only special means assured 

 the growth of the vine. Instead of loosening the ground, the 

 better to admit the heat, they simply drilled a hole with a rod 

 which was fitted with an iron on one end. Into these holes 

 they placed the shoots '^. 



HommeP conjectures that the Semites did not know the 

 vine at all in the oldest time. This he supposes from such 

 words as "vine", "wine", and "vineyard", which according to 

 him are either non-Semitic words, or else imply still another, 

 more general meaning. Thus karanu, Greek Kapoivov, talm. 



Xri.p is non-Semitic to him. Imt (')";'2, cr?.^ [gi'^pe], IDjl'}), is 

 West-Semitic, and a foreign importation as far as it regards 

 Babylonia. He further notices that karmu "vineyard", gjipnu, 

 "vine", and ^ inahu, "grape", have in Assyro-Babylonian still 

 the general meanings "acreland", "stem, pluck" (Assurnasirpal 

 2, 43 and 71) and "fruit" {inlni). 



In Strassm. 896, 16 we possess a reference to fig- wine, inn 

 }a titti.Inu = wine is late in Babylonian and Hommel is right 



i) Jaubert, 0. c, Vol. II, p. 149. 



2) Strabo, geogr. XV. 3) Aufsatze und Abhandlungen, p. 93. 



