The Wines of the Ancient Orient. 7 



Fayyum. According to him, however, vineyards are not to be 

 found elsewhere in Egypt. 



The oldest Egyptian inscriptions refer to different kinds of 



wine. They distinguish between white wine,(j j-, ^AA: o J czso^ 



and red wine, [] p Z^ r w i. Besides the most common 

 word for wine [ 0, there appear other designations for it 2, 

 In the inscriptions of Edfu appears the name ii, TjT1^ f) , 

 IlLJ-^; 2J^^=:^p, "their heart is joyful, in- 

 toxicated with genuine wine". Dend. Mar. ^^ H M "^ 9 fl f^ 

 ^^ ^ TLH^S "The inhabitants of Dendera are intoxicated 



O O I -iiiii I, ^ 



from wine". Sirw (Medic. Pap. 4, 3) refers probably to a spe- 

 cial kind of wine. A certain wine produced in the great oasis^* 



bore the name "The green Horus-eye , . ^^ | ^^, . 



^f-^ T A sacrificial stone which was found in Pompeii and 



which is referred to king Psammetichos II. refers to this wine. 



It reads: ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ g ^ "^J ^Tk "T t 



ib-r'-nfr-ib-r*) has come to thee, O Atum, lord of On; he has 

 offered unto thee the (produce of the) Horus-eye. It has ho- 

 nored thee, O Atum, lord of On, the son of the sun, Psam- 

 metichos, by (presenting) the double-jars". Regarding the wine- 

 cellar in Esna* it is written in one of its texts vA" T .-^ 



ile wine, (j *^ =D= >^^ J 1=1 :g& ^ '^9^: -^^J dJ ^ 



N 456a; T 119a; W 148:1. h.is the reading ^ =n=; comp. s-beer. White 



wine seems to have been preferred by the Egyptians to the red wine. 



2) ^Irp occurs as a geographic designation in I,D II, 46, 47, 50a; Mariette, 



Masiabas, p. 185, 325 [I j-, vr , i. e., "tlie wine domain". 



3) See Aeg. Z., 1868, p. 85 ff. 



4) Esna (LLaoV) was renowned for its grapes in the days of Idrisi. fliey 



i) Wh 



