Co Lutz, \'iticultuie and Brewing. 



of propping- the vine are exemplified in the hieroglyphs for 

 vine and vineyard, Egyptian zirr, zi//, ^^j^., ^TW^, X"^, 

 f^'~^^- The Egyptians do not seem to have attached the 



vine to trees. It is, however, possible that they trained them 

 sometimes on papyrus, whenever this was practicable. We 

 possess no Egyptian references to this mode of training 

 the vine, but since the Mishna refers to that practise, we 

 may infer that it was also an Egyptian custom 2, The 

 various modes of arranging the vineyards and the different 

 ways of training the vines naturally depended much upon 

 the tastes of the owners and on the nature of the localit}' 

 and the ground. In the tomb-painting of Paheri at al-Kab 

 the vinestalks round about the roots are banked with earth. 

 The earth-heaps are cup-shaped in order to hold the water 

 for a greater length of time. The hieroglyph of the vine 

 in Ptah-hotep, Vol. I, PI. X, No. 166 3 which is painted shows 

 the props in red, the vine-foliage green with dull maroon longi- 

 tudinal stripes indicating the stems, and the grape-clusters 

 blue. More often the grapes are painted red or reddish brown. 

 The leaves are seldom drawn and show sometimes the same 

 color as the grapes. One picture from Thebes shows an 

 espalier on which lotus-plants are climbing up. The ancient 

 Egyptians already had a knowledge that certain grapes do 

 not promise any fruit. These grapes were cut off with a spe- 

 cial knife which was of a sickle-shaped form. The grape 



(-cluster), [ [J p, [l<rr>, is represented in different forms 



on the monuments. In the temple of Der-el-Bahri we meet 



with this form: Hrv\; L.D., III, 244 --= e^, and frequently with 



the form: ^1 . PureU- realistically drawn grapes are mostly 

 seen in the 1:;\ paintings of the 17 th, l8th and the following 

 dynasties. N^.lThe color is then of a beautiful dark blue, 



i) See L. D.. II, 53; and III, ii. 



2) Kilaim 6, 3 nin'^SitjN niip^ hy "jBan nx nbirn "whoever trains the 

 vine over a part of the espaliers of papyrus". J. Kilaim 6, 3 ri'i'^B'^a TT 

 "two espaliers of papyrus"; Kilaim 7, j rin'^S'^ax "iri^ "the rest of the 

 espaliers of papyrus". 3) See also No. 173 = No. 405. 



