74 



Lutz, Viticulture and Brewing. 



hk.t ndm. A fermented 



n 



0\ 



D 



A/WWV 



Papyr. Berlin, 13, 2, | ^ "O" ? ^ 



liquors appears in Papyrus Ebers under the name 



(with det. p, 74. 2), n I U '^^^^ and Pap. med. Berl. 7, 3 H ^ 



"^^ ^, ^or ^.f*), which is nntp^p. In the Panammu-inscription 



1. 6 nilj'a is a special beverage, while xn is the general word 

 for "drink, beverage", Hadad 9. For a reference to the beve- 

 rage called a'whv, Cr^^vN [ ^ O see Budge, J wok of t lie Dead, 



P- 367, 3 and 382, 5. The latter passage reads: The beautiful 

 West-land, in which the gods live upon cake and ('fo'i-beer", 



The following five beverages, whose names we register, may 

 either denote certain kinds of beer or wine; hbt, fi Jtt, 





O^ 



0. 



w c 



o 



and 



var. 



f MS' "M2' f M- 



The commonest beer was prepared hom barle}-, of which 

 grain two kinds have been found in Eg}-pt, the hordeum 

 hexastichum L. and the hordeum tetrastichum Kche. The 

 former was the most common grain in Eg}^pti. The barley 



beer of Egypt, /tkJ, P <0', was called l^UlIo; or CCito; by the 



Classical writers. This name ^Oi o; is found for the first time 

 in Theophrastos-, who reckons it to those beverages, which 

 v,-ere prepared, like those made of barley and wheat, of rotting 

 fruits. Herodotus states^ oivcp 8e ek KpiOetcv .-re-Toiqiaevcp 8ia- 

 Xpecovrai "they use wine made of barley". Athenaeus. on the 

 authority of Hecataeus, mentions the fact "that the Eg}'ptians 

 were great bread- eaters, eating loaves of r}-e, called KUA/a']- 



i) Schweinfurth, in Wissenschattl. Veroffenll. der deutschen Orientgesell- 

 schaft, VIII, p. 153. See also Unger, Sitzungsber. d. Wiener Akad., math.- 

 nat. Kla-se 54'!, p 41. 



2) Theo[)hr., d^ <: //., VI, 11, 2. 



3) Herod. II, 77; see also Died. I, 34; Strabo, X\II; Pliny XXll, 25, 

 Allien., X. 



