76 Lutz, Viticulture and Brewing. 



into Palestine, probably from Pelu.sium, which seems to have 

 been the most noted city for its beers in Egypt. Pelusian beer 

 was also exported to Rome ^ 



The Egyptian word for "brewing beer" is V//, ^ . ^ 

 The name for the brewer is '//j, ]Tj v\ (Leiden, Stele V, 6) 

 (Louvre, Stele C, 196) and ^ ^, ^ (Aeg. Z.1897, p. 133)3 



or also /^ ?^^^l) "those who crush the grain for beer". 

 The brewery, which was a special part of the kitchen, is called "the 

 pure", /] I i'*- Beer, according to the Egyptian texts, is 



, Coptic FIU)T, of which 

 three kinds were distinguished : the white, black and red barley 

 or of spelt, /}d.t, jl""^^^^, Coptic T3a)TF. Barley beer was 

 the most common beverage, the national drink of Egypt. 

 Besides the name it, (] , the texts mention another name for 



it, which is a Canaanitish loanword, srf, <:z:> ..-t^, Hebrew nni:?, 



de Sacy, Ckrest. Arab, I, p. 179: "Dans ces vers . . . . je n'apercois autre chose 

 que la coutume 011 I'on etoit de servir a table du chervi et de la racine dont 

 parle I'auteur, maceree dans des lupins en fermentation, pour exciter les con- 

 vives a boire de la biere." Cf. Hor. sat. II, 8, 8; Diosc. II, 132 and Pliny 

 XXII, 155. This may, after all, be more correct, since we should expect 

 otherwise a similar practise in Babylonia, where we do not tind bitterplants 

 added to the beer. See also Sprengel, Versuch e'lner pragmatischen Geschichte 

 der Arzndkiinde I, p. 75. 



i) See Col. Econ. X, 4, 114. 



2) Aeg. Z. 42, p. 27, Gardiner, Hymns to Anion from a Leiden Papyrus: 



a (2 / <? 



the day of festival". ^ -^ *^ Amherst Pap. 34. 



3) See Aeg. Z. 1896, p. 161; see also Newberry, Beni-Hasan I, pi. 29 



D D 



=5 L. D., II, 126. For a reference to a female brewer, ^ ^.^ n I J4 1 see 



Aeg. Z. 1897, p. 123. 



4) Pap. Anast. 4, 16, 3 =-. Pap. Anast. 3, 8, 5. 



