The Beer in the Ancien Orient. 87 



u-sa, which according to Hrozny are all mixed beers. There 

 are found the kas-u-sa, kai-u-sa-al-pii-ba^ , kas-it-sa-as-a-an 

 = dida imgagd = AkV. disiptahhu or alappami, "a sweet mixed 

 beer'; kai-u-sa-harij)-a'- , kai-u-sa-gin, the "common mixed 

 beer", kai-u-sa-e-da-di'^, kai-u-sa-c-dit-di^, kas-u-sa-gu-la^, 

 kas-ii-sa-ka-kak'^, kal-u-sa-ka-gi-kak'' , kas-u-sa-ku-an^, kas-ii- 

 sa-ku-an-ifiah^, kas-u-sa-lal^^, kas-u-sa-sim-dug-a^\ a mixed 

 beer flavored with spices, kas-u-sa-sig, "fine mixed beer", kai- 

 u-sa-sag-gi-pu (?) ^^ ', kas-ii-sa-iid-sal-la ^ 3, kas-u-sa-ud-tab-ba ^ ^. 

 A special kind of beer was called kas-nag-lugal''-\ "the royal 

 beverage", as distinguished probabh' from the common beer 

 called kas-lii-gal-la, "the beer of man" i''. The saleable barley 

 beer appears under the name kas-se-ri-a ' '. In BE, XIV, 161, 7 

 is found a beer called kas-dur-an-ki. See farther Kas-ti^^, 

 kas-tin, a "fine beer", kasin-s-'^^'^^ ka^-ti-ri-a-^, kas-ti-sar'-^, 

 /^ai-Mw,(?)-ra22 and kas-iim-ri-a'^^. The multitude of names, 

 which the above Hst does not aim to exhaust, and which 

 describe the diff'erent kinds of beer, show how many-sided 

 and specialized was the industry of the Sumero-Akkadian 

 breweries. 



It must, however, be borne in mind that some of the 

 beverages mentioned above, which are taken from so-called 

 "lists", may refer to artificial wines just as well as to beer. 

 So long as such names composed with kas are not found in 

 texts in which the context can assist, the interpretation of 



i) Ni. 10815; Dr. Chiera has kindly placed the lists of beers to my 

 disposition. 



2) Ni. 10820. 3) Ni. 10872. 4) Ni. 10872. 



5) Ni. 10816, Ni. 10873. 



6) Kas-u-sa-ka-kak = fihu, Meissner, SAI^ No. 349S. 7) Ni. 10S13. 

 8) Ni. 10810, Ni. 10811; or read kas-u-sa-as(^)-an': 



9j Ni. 10 8 1 2, or read kas-t(-sa-as[\)-an-mah: 



10) Ni. 10815, a beer mixed with fruit-juices. 



11) Ni. 10814. 12) Ni. 10819. 13) Ni. 10818. 

 14) Ni. 10817. 15) Ni. 10877. 161 Ni. II 329. 

 17) Ni. 1 1 324. 18) Ni. II 385. 



19) Ni. II 204; probably ga is to be supplied. 



20) Ni. 1 1 386. 21) Ni. 11080. 



22) Ni. 1 1 326; probably identical with the following. 



23) Ni. 11325. ^_ , 



